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. 2017 Jun 21;7:3981. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04268-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cartoon representation of nanoallergen triggering degranulation compared to natural allergens. (A) Cartoon representation of the crosslinking events induced by the natural peanut allergen protein, Ara h 2 (with different colors labeling potential epitopes on the protein and their corresponding IgEs), leading to mast cell degranulation. (B) Nanoallergens are designed to present immunogenic epitopes to trigger crosslinking and degranulation in a similar fashion as natural allergens. This cartoon was adapted from Deak et al.¹³.