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CD39 is involved in Th17 cells expansion and IL-17 secretion and, moreover, CD4+CD39+CD161+ T cells can be regarded as Th17 cells precursors. CD39, combined with CD161, can initiate acid sphingomyelinase enzymatic activity, subsequently, increase intracellular ceramide concentration, then impact STAT3 and mTOR signal transduction, which are essential for Th17 generation and IL-17 secretion.
