. 2017 Jun 22;8:1157. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157

Table 2.

Associations from linear regression models between gut microbiota and alterations of adaptive immune system parameters measured in the heart.

	IL-17 β (95% CI)	IFNg β (95% CI)	IL-4 β (95% CI)	IL-1α β (95% CI)	IL-6 β (95% CI)	Lymphocytes β (95% CI)	CD45+ β (95% CI)	CD4+ β (95% CI)	CD8+ β (95% CI)
Actinobacteria	−1.6	−1.8	−3	−1.5	−6	65	55.1	−30.9	−7.1
	(−8.4, 5.2)	(−4.7, 1.1)	(−8.6, 2.5)	(−4.9, 1.9)	(−15.0, 3.0)	(−39.7, 169.7)	(−45.7, 156.0)	(−58.7, −3.1)	(−35.7, 21.5)
	p = 0.602	p = 0.178	p = 0.201	p = 0.321	p = 0.157	p = 0.199	p = 0.254	p = 0.032	p = 0.597
	R² = 0.041	R² = 0.243	R² = 0.368	R² = 0.140	R² = 0.264	R² = 0.145	R² = 0.116	R² = 0.353	R² = 0.026
Alphaproteobacteria	0.1	0	−0.1	0	0.2	−1.1	3.4	0.4	1.1
	(−1.0, 1.2)	(−0.5, 0.6)	(−1.1, 0.9)	(−0.6, 0.5)	(−1.4, 1.9)	(−20.0, 17.7)	(−14.3, 21.1)	(−5.3, 6.2)	(−3.7, 5.9)
	p = 0.882	p = 0.900	p = 0.751	p = 0.848	p = 0.773	p = 0.896	p = 0.680	p = 0.879	p = 0.625
	R² = 0.003	R² = 0.002	R² = 0.028	R² = 0.006	R² = 0.013	R² = 0.002	R² = 0.016	R² = 0.002	R² = 0.022
Bacilli	−0.1	−0.1	−0.2	−0.2	−0.2	2.9	1.9	−1.2	−0.3
	(−1.1, 0.8)	(−0.6, 0.3)	(−1.0, 0.6)	(−0.7, 0.2)	(−1.7, 1.2)	(−13.2, 19.0)	(−13.5, 17.2)	(−6.1, 3.7)	(−4.4, 3.9)
	p = 0.740	p = 0.570	p = 0.485	p = 0.283	p = 0.709	p = 0.697	p = 0.795	p = 0.597	p = 0.894
	R² = 0.017	R² = 0.048	R² = 0.129	R² = 0.162	R² = 0.021	R² = 0.014	R² = 0.006	R² = 0.026	R² = 0.002
Bacteroidia	0.1	0.1	0.2	0	0.2	−1.6	−0.6	0.6	0.3
	(−0.0, 0.2)	(0.0, 0.1)	(0.1, 0.3)	(−0.0, 0.1)	(0.0, 0.3)	(−3.1, −0.2)	(−2.3, 1.1)	(0.2, 1.0)	(−0.1, 0.7)
	p = 0.094	p = 0.011	p = 0.014	p = 0.053	p = 0.033	p = 0.034	p = 0.490	p = 0.009	p = 0.119
	R² = 0.349	R² = 0.628	R² = 0.814	R² = 0.437	R² = 0.501	R² = 0.349	R² = 0.044	R² = 0.480	R² = 0.207
Betaproteobacteria	8.1	5.9	8.1	6.1	16.7	−98.3	−28.3	58.5	12.5
	(−5.3, 21.5)	(0.8, 10.9)	(−2.0, 18.1)	(0.4, 11.9)	(−0.7, 34.2)	(−254.5, 57.8)	(−187.4, 130.9)	(24.4, 92.5)	(−30.0, 55.0)
	p = 0.196	p = 0.029	p = 0.090	p = 0.041	p = 0.058	p = 0.193	p = 0.703	p = 0.003	p = 0.531
	R² = 0.226	R² = 0.518	R² = 0.553	R² = 0.473	R² = 0.423	R² = 0.149	R² = 0.014	R² = 0.564	R² = 0.037
Clostridia	−0.1	−0.1	−0.1	0	−0.2	1.7	0.5	−0.6	−0.4
	(−0.2, 0.0)	(−0.1, −0.0)	(−0.3, 0.0)	(−0.1, 0.0)	(−0.3, −0.0)	(0.1, 3.4)	(−1.4, 2.4)	(−1.1, −0.1)	(−0.8, 0.1)
	p = 0.095	p = 0.023	p = 0.086	p = 0.083	p = 0.045	p = 0.042	p = 0.544	p = 0.017	p = 0.113
	R² = 0.347	R² = 0.547	R² = 0.563	R² = 0.369	R² = 0.458	R² = 0.324	R² = 0.034	R² = 0.417	R² = 0.212
Deferribacteres	−0.7	−1.1	4.5	−1.2	−3	34.3	−23.7	−15.9	−9.8
	(−6.4, 5.1)	(−3.7, 1.4)	(−9.2, 18.2)	(−4.1, 1.6)	(−11.3, 5.3)	(−57.5, 126.1)	(−111.9, 64.5)	(−42.8, 10.9)	(−33.1, 13.5)
	p = 0.789	p = 0.323	p = 0.411	p = 0.334	p = 0.424	p = 0.428	p = 0.566	p = 0.218	p = 0.375
	R² = 0.011	R² = 0.139	R² = 0.174	R² = 0.133	R² = 0.093	R² = 0.058	R² = 0.031	R² = 0.134	R² = 0.072
Deltaproteobacteria	0.7	0.2	0.7	0.2	0.5	−2.2	−6.5	−0.5	0.3
	(−0.1, 1.6)	(−0.3, 0.6)	(−0.2, 1.5)	(−0.4, 0.7)	(−1.1, 2.0)	(−18.4, 13.9)	(−21.2, 8.3)	(−5.4, 4.4)	(−3.8, 4.5)
	p = 0.074	p = 0.485	p = 0.086	p = 0.516	p = 0.490	p = 0.767	p = 0.356	p = 0.829	p = 0.870
	R² = 0.387	R² = 0.072	R² = 0.562	R² = 0.063	R² = 0.070	R² = 0.008	R² = 0.078	R² = 0.004	R² = 0.003
Erysipelotrichia	−0.8	−0.8	−66.6	−0.7	−2	26.4	3.5	−8.8	−5.9
	(−4.8, 3.2)	(−2.6, 1.1)	(−257.8, 124.7)	(−2.7, 1.3)	(−7.9, 3.8)	(−41.5, 94.2)	(−62.8, 69.8)	(−29.4, 11.7)	(−23.4, 11.7)
	p = 0.636	p = 0.359	p = 0.389	p = 0.434	p = 0.436	p = 0.411	p = 0.910	p = 0.365	p = 0.477
	R² = 0.034	R² = 0.121	R² = 0.189	R² = 0.090	R² = 0.089	R² = 0.062	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.075	R² = 0.047
Gammaproteobacteria	−5	−0.4	−5.3	−2.5	−11.9	4.1	35.4	−35.8	10.9
	(−27.8, 17.9)	(−11.5, 10.7)	(−23.8, 13.2)	(−14.5, 9.5)	(−45.4, 21.7)	(−204.5, 212.7)	(−160.7, 231.6)	(−94.8, 23.3)	(−42.0, 63.8)
	p = 0.624	p = 0.939	p = 0.473	p = 0.639	p = 0.430	p = 0.966	p = 0.699	p = 0.209	p = 0.659
	R² = 0.036	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.136	R² = 0.033	R² = 0.091	R² = 0.000	R² = 0.014	R² = 0.139	R² = 0.018
Mollicutes	−0.3	−0.2	−0.3	−0.2	−0.5	3.9	1	−1.5	−1.1
	(−1.1, 0.4)	(−0.5, 0.2)	(−1.1, 0.5)	(−0.6, 0.2)	(−1.6, 0.7)	(−9.6, 17.4)	(−12.0, 14.0)	(−5.6, 2.6)	(−4.5, 2.4)
	p = 0.322	p = 0.329	p = 0.373	p = 0.398	p = 0.378	p = 0.540	p = 0.868	p = 0.433	p = 0.504
	R² = 0.140	R² = 0.136	R² = 0.201	R² = 0.104	R² = 0.113	R² = 0.035	R² = 0.003	R² = 0.057	R² = 0.042
Multi-affiliation	−1.3	−1.1	−4.9	−1.1	−3.2	6.7	5.6	0.4	−2.2
	(−4.9, 2.4)	(−2.6, 0.5)	(−13.7, 3.9)	(−2.8, 0.7)	(−8.3, 1.8)	(−22.5, 35.8)	(−22.0, 33.3)	(−8.6, 9.4)	(−9.6, 5.2)
	p = 0.443	p = 0.139	p = 0.196	p = 0.192	p = 0.177	p = 0.625	p = 0.662	p = 0.922	p = 0.527
	R² = 0.086	R² = 0.285	R² = 0.375	R² = 0.230	R² = 0.244	R² = 0.022	R² = 0.018	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.037
Negativicutes	1.3	0.8	0.1	1.3	−1.8	−68.7	35.8	−19.6	32.3
	(−6.5, 9.0)	(−2.9, 4.5)	(−7.5, 7.8)	(−2.7, 5.2)	(−13.5, 10.0)	(−194.3, 57.0)	(−88.6, 160.1)	(−58.3, 19.0)	(5.7, 59.0)
	p = 0.706	p = 0.629	p = 0.964	p = 0.470	p = 0.732	p = 0.254	p = 0.540	p = 0.287	p = 0.022
	R² = 0.022	R² = 0.035	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.077	R² = 0.018	R² = 0.116	R² = 0.035	R² = 0.102	R² = 0.394
Verrucomicrobiae	0.6	0.4	0.4	0.6	1.2	−10.6	2.9	4.4	3.1
	(−0.4, 1.5)	(0.1, 0.8)	(−0.5, 1.2)	(0.4, 0.8)	(−0.1, 2.4)	(−25.9, 4.8)	(−13.0, 18.8)	(0.1, 8.6)	(−0.7, 6.9)
	p = 0.195	p = 0.025	p = 0.303	p = 0.000	p = 0.058	p = 0.158	p = 0.696	p = 0.044	p = 0.097
	R² = 0.227	R² = 0.534	R² = 0.258	R² = 0.850	R² = 0.423	R² = 0.173	R² = 0.014	R² = 0.319	R2 = 0.231

In each of the models, the associations are reported as absolute difference (β), with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), in immune system parameters levels by 1 unit increase in gut microbiota. In bold are reported the statistically significant results (p < 0.05). Per each of the models, the Coefficient of determination (R²) is also reported.