. 2017 Jun 22;8:1157. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01157

Table 4.

Associations from linear regression models between gut microbiota and alterations of adaptive immune system parameters measured in the liver.

	Myeloid cells β (95% CI)	Lymphocytes β (95% CI)	CD4+ β (95% CI)	CD8+ β (95% CI)	CD45+ β (95% CI)	CD11b+ β (95% CI)	CD11c+ β (95% CI)	F480+ β (95% CI)	Ly6G+ β (95% CI)
Actinobacteria	−14.9	−6.3	0.5	0.6	0.4	−25.6	10.4	−36.5	−70.7
	(−67.9, 38.1)	(−128.4, 115.7)	(−18.9, 19.9)	(−10.9, 12.1)	(−70.6, 71.4)	(−55.4, 4.1)	(−32.8, 53.7)	(−77.9, 4.9)	(−167.3, 26.0)
	p = 0.549	p = 0.911	p = 0.952	p = 0.912	p = 0.991	p = 0.085	p = 0.606	p = 0.079	p = 0.136
	R² = 0.034	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.000	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.000	R² = 0.246	R² = 0.025	R² = 0.255	R² = 0.191
Alphaproteobacteria	5.7	8.8	0.9	0.7	4.1	1.4	1.8	−1.8	−12.7
	(−2.4, 13.9)	(−10.7, 28.3)	(−2.3, 4.1)	(−1.2, 2.6)	(−7.4, 15.6)	(−4.3, 7.0)	(−5.4, 9.0)	(−9.7, 6.1)	(−28.5, 3.0)
	p = 0.148	p = 0.341	p = 0.539	p = 0.421	p = 0.444	p = 0.601	p = 0.587	p = 0.627	p = 0.103
	R² = 0.180	R² = 0.083	R² = 0.035	R² = 0.060	R² = 0.054	R² = 0.026	R² = 0.028	R² = 0.022	R² = 0.223
Bacilli	2.3	−0.8	−0.2	−0.1	−1.4	0.5	0.4	−1.5	−6.3
	(−5.3, 9.9)	(−18.3, 16.7)	(−3.0, 2.6)	(−1.7, 1.6)	(−11.5, 8.7)	(−4.4, 5.4)	(−5.8, 6.7)	(−8.3, 5.3)	(−21.1, 8.5)
	p = 0.516	p = 0.922	p = 0.863	p = 0.901	p = 0.765	p = 0.814	p = 0.884	p = 0.644	p = 0.367
	R² = 0.039	R² = 0.001	R² = 0.003	R² = 0.002	R² = 0.009	R² = 0.005	R² = 0.002	R² = 0.020	R² = 0.074
Bacteroidia	1.2	1.6	0.2	0.1	0.8	0.6	0.2	0.5	−0.7
	(0.7, 1.6)	(−0.0, 3.3)	(−0.1, 0.5)	(−0.1, 0.3)	(−0.2, 1.8)	(0.2, 1.0)	(−0.5, 0.9)	(−0.3, 1.2)	(−2.4, 0.9)
	P< 0.001	p = 0.054	p = 0.172	p = 0.264	p = 0.115	p = 0.004	p = 0.490	p = 0.183	p = 0.359
	R² = 0.773	R² = 0.297	R² = 0.163	R² = 0.112	R² = 0.210	R² = 0.551	R² = 0.044	R² = 0.155	R² = 0.077
Betaproteobacteria	51.6	115.5	14.1	5.6	55.2	38.3	40.9	11.6	−33.2
	(−21.3, 124.5)	(−50.0, 281.0)	(−13.3, 41.6)	(−11.2, 22.5)	(−44.4, 154.7)	(−6.2, 82.7)	(−18.6, 100.4)	(−59.6, 82.8)	(−192.2, 125.7)
	p = 0.148	p = 0.153	p = 0.281	p = 0.478	p = 0.248	p = 0.085	p = 0.159	p = 0.727	p = 0.654
	R² = 0.180	R² = 0.177	R² = 0.105	R² = 0.047	R² = 0.119	R² = 0.246	R² = 0.172	R² = 0.012	R² = 0.019
Clostridia	−1.3	−1.9	−0.2	−0.1	−0.9	−0.6	−0.3	−0.3	1
	(−1.8, −0.8)	(−3.7, −0.1)	(−0.5, 0.1)	(−0.3, 0.1)	(−2.0, 0.2)	(−1.1, −0.1)	(−1.1, 0.4)	(−1.2, 0.5)	(−0.8, 2.8)
	p< 0.001	p = 0.044	p = 0.169	p = 0.234	p = 0.099	p = 0.019	p = 0.369	p = 0.379	p = 0.234
	R² = 0.755	R² = 0.319	R² = 0.164	R² = 0.126	R² = 0.228	R² = 0.406	R² = 0.074	R² = 0.071	R² = 0.126
Deferribacteres	−50.6	−66.7	−10.1	−6.6	−37.3	−29.3	−5.6	−20	44
	(−80.6, −20.6)	(−158.6, 25.1)	(−24.9, 4.6)	(−15.2, 2.0)	(−91.2, 16.6)	(−50.3, −8.4)	(−42.0, 30.8)	(−57.8, 17.8)	(−40.9, 128.8)
	p = 0.003	p = 0.138	p = 0.159	p = 0.120	p = 0.156	p = 0.011	p = 0.741	p = 0.269	p = 0.278
	R² = 0.555	R² = 0.189	R² = 0.172	R² = 0.205	R² = 0.174	R² = 0.463	R² = 0.010	R² = 0.110	R² = 0.106
Deltaproteobacteria	0.9	10.6	1.7	0.9	6.3	−2.8	1.2	−3.8	−10.1
	(−6.9, 8.6)	(−5.4, 26.6)	(−0.8, 4.3)	(−0.6, 2.5)	(−3.0, 15.6)	(−7.4, 1.7)	(−5.0, 7.5)	(−10.2, 2.6)	(−24.0, 3.8)
	p = 0.812	p = 0.173	p = 0.165	p = 0.201	p = 0.165	p = 0.201	p = 0.672	p = 0.219	p = 0.137
	R² = 0.005	R² = 0.162	R² = 0.168	R² = 0.144	R² = 0.167	R² = 0.144	R² = 0.017	R² = 0.134	R² = 0.190
Erysipelotrichia	−23.4	−48.7	−7.2	−3.6	−26.3	−11.8	−0.1	−11.1	28.4
	(−52.9, 6.1)	(−117.0, 19.6)	(−18.2, 3.9)	(−10.3, 3.2)	(−66.6, 14.0)	(−31.5, 7.9)	(−27.2, 27.0)	(−39.9, 17.6)	(−35.3, 92.1)
	p = 0.109	p = 0.145	p = 0.181	p = 0.267	p = 0.179	p = 0.215	p = 0.996	p = 0.412	p = 0.348
	R² = 0.216	R² = 0.183	R² = 0.157	R² = 0.111	R² = 0.158	R² = 0.136	R² = 0.000	R² = 0.062	R² = 0.080
Gammaproteobacteria	13.6	123.7	30.8	16.7	86.8	−11.7	−0.3	−27.4	−100.9
	(−85.3, 112.6)	(−85.7, 333.0)	(1.5, 60.1)	(−1.5, 34.8)	(−30.6, 204.2)	(−74.4, 50.9)	(−81.0, 80.3)	(−113.8, 59.1)	(−287.0, 85.3)
	p = 0.767	p = 0.220	p = 0.041	p = 0.068	p = 0.132	p = 0.688	p = 0.993	p = 0.501	p = 0.258
	R² = 0.008	R² = 0.133	R² = 0.327	R² = 0.271	R² = 0.194	R² = 0.015	R² = 0.000	R² = 0.042	R² = 0.115
Mollicutes	−6	−10.7	−1.7	−1.2	−6.2	−2.9	−0.5	−1.4	8
	(−11.2, −0.8)	(−23.7, 2.3)	(−3.8, 0.4)	(−2.3, −0.0)	(−13.8, 1.4)	(−6.6, 0.7)	(−5.8, 4.8)	(−7.1, 4.4)	(−3.9, 19.9)
	p = 0.028	p = 0.098	p = 0.098	p = 0.049	p = 0.099	p = 0.107	p = 0.838	p = 0.610	p = 0.169
	R² = 0.370	R² = 0.229	R² = 0.229	R² = 0.308	R² = 0.228	R² = 0.219	R² = 0.004	R² = 0.024	R² = 0.165
Multi−affiliation	−2.6	9.6	2.1	1.3	8.3	0.7	−1.4	−1.2	−4
	(−16.5, 11.4)	(−21.6, 40.7)	(−2.7, 7.0)	(−1.6, 4.2)	(−9.3, 26.0)	(−8.2, 9.6)	(−12.8, 9.9)	(−13.7, 11.2)	(−31.8, 23.9)
	p = 0.693	p = 0.513	p = 0.355	p = 0.333	p = 0.321	p = 0.869	p = 0.788	p = 0.831	p = 0.758
	R² = 0.015	R² = 0.040	R² = 0.078	R² = 0.085	R² = 0.089	R² = 0.003	R² = 0.007	R² = 0.004	R² = 0.009
Negativicutes	23.9	35.5	6.8	−2.2	25.8	10.6	−11.8	31.1	8.6
	(−37.8, 85.5)	(−106.6, 177.6)	(−15.7, 29.3)	(−15.8, 11.3)	(−56.2, 107.8)	(−29.2, 50.4)	(−62.9, 39.2)	(−21.6, 83.8)	(−118.0, 135.2)
	p = 0.412	p = 0.593	p = 0.519	p = 0.723	p = 0.503	p = 0.568	p = 0.621	p = 0.221	p = 0.884
	R² = 0.062	R² = 0.027	R² = 0.039	R² = 0.012	R² = 0.042	R² = 0.030	R² = 0.023	R² = 0.133	R² = 0.002
Verrucomicrobiae	7.9	15	1.6	1	8.4	4.1	1.8	3.8	−6.1
	(1.9, 14.0)	(−0.3, 30.2)	(−1.1, 4.3)	(−0.5, 2.6)	(−0.6, 17.4)	(−0.3, 8.4)	(−4.6, 8.2)	(−2.9, 10.5)	(−21.6, 9.3)
	p = 0.015	p = 0.053	p = 0.214	p = 0.178	p = 0.065	p = 0.063	p = 0.551	p = 0.241	p = 0.401
	R² = 0.429	R² = 0.299	R² = 0.137	R² = 0.159	R² = 0.276	R² = 0.281	R² = 0.033	R² = 0.123	R² = 0.065

In each of the models, the associations are reported as absolute difference (β), with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI), in immune system parameters levels by 1 unit increase in gut microbiota. In bold are reported the statistically significant results (p < 0.05). Per each of the models, the Coefficient of determination (R²) is also reported.