Table 2.

Whole-brain analysis.

Measurement	Patient group	Control group	p-Value a	Difference between means (%)
Total brain volume	1,010,403 ± 7425	1,061,252 ± 10,586	< 0.001	− 4.8
Total GM volume	659,426 ± 7990	695,315 ± 5604	< 0.001	− 5.2
Total cortical GM volume	507,927 ± 6866	543,168 ± 4816	< 0.001	− 6.5
Subcortical GM volume	52,331 ± 856	55,539 ± 601	0.004	− 5.8
Total cortical WM volume	330,133 ± 49,997	342,700 ± 3505	0.046	− 3.7
Cerebellar WM volume	21,226 ± 669	23,800 ± 470	0.003	− 10.8
Cerebellar GM volume	99,844 ± 2054	97,836 ± 1440	0.43	+ 2.0
Total cerebellum volume	121,070 ± 2289	121,636 ± 1605	0.040	− 0.5
Mean surface area	151,530 ± 1923	160,271 ± 1349	< 0.001	− 5.5
Mean cortical thickness	2.83 ± 0.03	2.90 ± 0.02	0.045	− 2.4

Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

Bold font indicates statistical significance (p < 0.05).

Volume is expressed in mm³, surface area in mm², and thickness in mm.

GM, gray matter; WM, white matter.

^ap-Values from general linear model after controlling age, gender and total intracranial volume (for the cortical thickness, only age and gender are included as covariate).