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. 2017 Apr 12;30(4):393–404. doi: 10.20524/aog.2017.0146

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Immune pathways that drive myofibroblast activation. Classic and non-classic immune cells participating in the different stages of tissue inflammation, from initial endothelial or epithelial injury to innate and subsequent adaptive immune activation, drive myofibroblast activation. These include coagulation factors, growth factors (PDGF and CTGF), chemokines (CCL-2), cytokines (TGF-β, IL-13, TNF-α, IL-17) and reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (NOS) species