Table 5.
Publications of cases of pelvic actinomycosis in America.
| Definitive diagnosis | Presumptive diagnosis | Definitive method of diagnosis | Previous use of IUD | Treatment and resolution | Number of cases Age (years) |
Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actinomyces israelii | Tubo-ovarian abscess | Histopathological report and culture | Yes (4 years) Type: Dalkon Shield IUD |
Laparotomy, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and penicillin Complete resolution |
1 29 |
1980, McLeod et al. United States [47] |
|
| ||||||
| Actinomycotic tubo-ovarian abscess | Tubo-ovarian abscess or malignant tumour | Histopathological report | Yes Type: ND∗∗ |
Antibiotic therapy, tumourectomy, and right salpingo-oophorectomy No date of resolution |
1 29 |
1982, Kelly and Aaron United States [48] |
|
| ||||||
| A. naeslundii | Pelvic abscess | Microscopic observation of the IUD and culture | Yes (10 years) Type: Dalkon Shield IUD |
Antibiotic therapy hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy Complete recovery |
1 39 |
1985, Bonnez et al. United States [49] |
|
| ||||||
| Sulphur granules; Actinomyces israelii; actinomycotic pelvic abscess secondary to IUD involving the bladder, sigmoid colon, left ureter, liver, and superior abdominal wall | ND | Histopathological report and culture | Yes (15 years) Type: Lippes loop IUD |
Percutaneous drainage and prolonged antibiotic therapy No date of resolution |
1 41 |
1996, Hochsztein et al. United States [50] |
|
| ||||||
| Actinomycotic granules, tubo-ovarian abscess | Abdominal tumour secondary to colon cancer | Laparotomy | Yes Type: copper IUD |
Laparotomy, en bloc resection that included compromised abdominal wall, right hemicolectomy, hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, partial sigmoidectomy, and penicillin Complete recovery |
1 47 |
1999, Mesa-Castillo et al. Colombia [51] |
|
| ||||||
| MSA∗ | ND | Histopathological report | Yes (9 and 3 years) Type: ND |
Laparotomy, hysterectomy, oophorectomy, penicillin, and amoxicillin Significant improvement |
2 38 and 23 |
2006, Urbina et al. Colombia [52] |
|
| ||||||
| Actinomyces sp. | Bilateral cystic teratoma | Histopathological report | No | Laparotomy, bilateral salphingo-oophorectomy, and penicillin Significant improvement |
1 47 |
2001, Burlando et al. Argentina [53] |
|
| ||||||
| Tubo-ovarian actinomycosis, MSA | Tumour formation | Histopathological report of the ovary | Yes (8 years) Type: ND |
Oophorectomy, right salpingectomy, and amoxicillin No date of resolution |
1 41 |
2005, Vispo et al. Argentina [54] |
|
| ||||||
| Actinomycosis, MSA | Vesical tumour | Histopathological report | Yes (33 years) Type: ND |
Penicillin Progressive improvement |
1 58 |
2003, Alegría et al. Chile [55] |
|
| ||||||
| Pelvic actinomycosis, sulphur granules | Pelvic or neoplastic actinomycosis of the colon or ovary | IUD swab | Yes (27 years) Type: Lippes loop IUD |
Penicillin and amoxicillin Significant improvement |
1 54 |
2013, Daniels et al. Chile [56] |
|
| ||||||
| MSA | ND | Histopathological report of the right ovary | Yes (22 years) Type: ND |
Laparotomy to drain purulent material, hysterectomy with bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and penicillin Significant improvement |
1 48 |
2004, López-Cervantes et al. México [57] |
|
| ||||||
| MSA Actinomycotic granuloma |
Uterine myomatosis | Histopathological report | Yes (10, 10, and 4 years) Type: ND |
Laparotomy, hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, and penicillin Significant improvement |
3 36, 37, and 39 |
2005, Olivera-Reynada et al. Mexico [58] |
|
| ||||||
| Coinfection by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Actinomyces naeslundii | ND | Culture of UID and vaginal exudate | Yes (22 months) Type: copper IUD |
Surgical excision of the appendix, bilateral salpingectomy No date of resolution |
1 36 |
2013, Eiros-Bouza et al. Mexico [59] |
|
| ||||||
| Urachal actinomycosis, “sulphur granules” | Carcinoma | Histopathological report | ND | Partial cystectomy Complete recovery |
1 46 |
2013, Alfonso et al. Mexico [60] |
|
| ||||||
| Actinomyces spp. | Cyst in the left ovary and abscess in the iliac fossa | Purulent material, histopathological report | Yes (2 years) Type: ND |
Laparotomy, cefotaxime, metronidazole, and penicillin Gradual recovery |
1 18 |
2004, Mejia et al. Mexico [61] |
|
| ||||||
| Actinomyces urogenitalis | ND | Microscopic observation of the IUD, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene | Yes Type: ND |
Oral amoxicillin Complete recovery |
1 38 |
2006, Elsayed et al. Canada [62] |
|
| ||||||
| Ovarian actinomycosis | Left tubo-ovarian abscess | Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining microscopy | No | Exploratory laparotomy, unilateral oophorectomy, and penicillin Complete recovery |
1 49 |
2013, Bes et al. Brazil [63] |
|
| ||||||
| Total cases | 20 | |||||
∗MSA = microorganisms similar to Actinomyces.
∗∗ND = not disclosed.