Table 2.
Percent difference in peripubertal hormone levels associated with an IQR increase in phthalate metabolite or BPA concentration during trimester-specific in utero developmenta
| Visit 1 (n = 91) | Visit 2 (n = 90) | Visit 3 (n = 107) | Prenatal GM (n = 108) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| %Δ/IQR (95% CI) | %Δ/IQR (95% CI) | %Δ/IQR (95% CI) | %Δ/IQR (95% CI) | |
| Estradiol | ||||
| BPA | −1.1 (−10.8, 9.7) | −4.5 (−14.2, 6.2) | 0.1 (−9.1, 10.2) | −2.4 (−13.7, 10.4) |
| MBzP | 5.0 (−3.5, 14.3) | 0.7 (−9.2, 11.8) | −2.0 (−11.7, 8.8) | 3.6 (−7.4, 16.0) |
| MCPP | 5.3 (−6.2, 18.3) | 3.4 (−9.8, 18.6) | 3.7 (−5.7, 14.1) | 6.2 (−7.4, 21.8) |
| MEP | 3.0 (−7.9, 15.2) | −15.0 (−25.1, −3.6)* | −0.6 (−10.2, 10.2) | −3.4 (−14.6, 9.4) |
| ΣDEHP | 11.2 (1.5, 21.9)* | 8.2 (−3.2, 21.0) | 4.6 (−4.8, 14.9) | 11.2 (−1.4, 25.3) |
| ΣDBP | 8.5 (−0.7, 18.5) | −5.8 (−15.4, 4.8) | 7.6 (−2.6, 18.7) | 6.5 (−5.5, 20.1) |
| Testosterone | ||||
| BPA | 9.0 (−16.6, 42.3) | 14.8 (−12.3, 50.4) | 10.1 (−16.7, 45.5) | 33.4 (−6.1, 89.4) |
| MBzP | 17.1 (−5.9, 45.7) | −2.5 (−25.1, 27.0) | 3.1 (−23.9, 39.7) | 14.6 (−17.1, 58.5) |
| MCPP | 9.9 (−18.8, 48.6) | 14.8 (−18.8, 62.4) | 9.5 (−17.1, 44.6) | 27.2 (−14.2, 88.7) |
| MEP | 30.3 (−2.0, 73.2) | −2.8 (−30.3, 35.6) | −8.2 (−31.8, 23.5) | 6.6 (−25.4, 52.5) |
| ΣDEHP | 10.8 (−13.1, 41.4) | 2.5 (−23.1, 36.5) | 8.4 (−17.6, 42.7) | 20.1 (−15.2, 70.1) |
| ΣDBP | 4.8 (−17.0, 32.4) | −2.9 (−26.1, 27.7) | −9.3 (−32.1, 21.2) | −0.3 (−29.6, 41.2) |
| SHBG | ||||
| BPA | −0.8 (−11.1, 10.6) | 4.7 (−6.2, 16.9) | 5.3 (−5.0, 16.8) | 5.6 (−7.4, 20.5) |
| MBzP | 5.1 (−3.9, 14.9) | −1.2 (−11.3, 10.0) | 15.2 (3.2, 28.5)* | 10.2 (−2.2, 24.2) |
| MCPP | 4.6 (−7.4, 18.3) | −2.3 (−15.2, 12.5) | 14.4 (3.5, 26.5)* | 12.5 (−2.8, 30.2) |
| MEP | 3.4 (−8.1, 16.3) | −2.8 (−15.0, 11.3) | 4.6 (−6.4, 16.8) | 4.2 (−8.8, 19.0) |
| ΣDEHP | −0.2 (−9.7, 10.2) | 1.9 (−9.3, 14.4) | 8.4 (−2.1, 19.9) | 8.2 (−4.9, 23.1) |
| ΣDBP | 1.1 (−8.0, 11.2) | −6.5 (−16.2, 4.4) | 12.3 (1.1, 24.9)* | 5.2 (−7.6, 19.7) |
| DHEA-S | ||||
| BPA | 3.5 (−10.8, 20.0) | −12.1 (−23.9, 1.6) | 1.2 (−12.4, 16.9) | −1.9 (−18.4, 18.0) |
| MBzP | −0.9 (−12.3, 12.1) | −15.9 (−26.8, −3.4)* | −4.4 (−18.3, 11.8) | −11.9 (−25.5, 4.0) |
| MCPP | −2.3 (−17.4, 15.5) | −7.4 (−23.3, 11.8) | −5.0 (−17.6, 9.7) | −6.0 (−23.5, 15.4) |
| MEP | −4.9 (−19.0, 11.7) | −9.2 (−24.1, 8.6) | −7.7 (−20.8, 7.5) | −9.4 (−24.7, 8.9) |
| ΣDEHP | 0.9 (−11.9, 15.5) | −4.4 (−18.2, 11.7) | −0.1 (−13.3, 15.1) | 0.5 (−16.2, 20.5) |
| ΣDBP | −1.1 (−13.1, 12.6) | −7.3 (−20.0, 7.5) | −13.5 (−25.3, 0.2) | −10.8 (−25.4, 6.7) |
| Inhibin B | ||||
| BPA | 3.0 (−7.7, 14.8) | 11.8 (0.4, 24.6)* | −1.8 (−12.0, 9.6) | 8.8 (−5.2, 24.9) |
| MBzP | 2.7 (−6.1, 12.4) | −2.9 (−12.8, 8.1) | −6.5 (−17.0, 5.3) | −5.6 (−16.8, 7.2) |
| MCPP | 4.2 (−7.8, 17.8) | 8.4 (−5.9, 24.7) | −0.9 (−11.2, 10.6) | 4.9 (−10.2, 22.5) |
| MEP | −1.6 (−12.6, 10.7) | −1.3 (−13.9, 13.0) | −13.6 (−22.9, −3.2)* | −8.8 (−20.6, 4.9) |
| ΣDEHP | 8.1 (−2.0, 19.3) | 7.0 (−4.7, 20.2) | −2.9 (−12.8, 8.2) | 5.1 (−8.3, 20.5) |
| ΣDBP | 2.9 (−6.4, 13.2) | 8.3 (−3.0, 21.0) | −4.1 (−14.4, 7.5) | 2.3 (−10.7, 17.2) |
*p < 0.05
aAdjusted for child age, BMI z-score, and urinary specific gravity