Table 2. . Relative risk of developing melanoma compared with relative risk of developing other US Preventive Services Task Force grade A/B diseases.

Melanoma risk factors	Melanoma RR/†OR	Comparable disease (risk factor)	Comparable disease RR/OR	Comparable screening modality
One atypical nevus vs 0*	1.5 [24]	High BP (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.5 [33]	BP cuff
Total common nevi 16–40 vs <15*	1.5 [24]	High BP (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.5 [33]	BP cuff
Blue eye color vs dark*	1.5 [40]	High BP (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.5 [33]	BP cuff
Hazel eye color vs dark*	1.5 [40]	High BP (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.5 [33]	BP cuff
Green eye color vs dark*	1.6 [40]	Type II diabetes (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.6 [34]	Blood test
Light brown hair vs dark*	1.6 [40]	Type II diabetes (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.6 [34]	Blood test
Indoor tanning ever use in men/women vs never use*	†1.7 [41]	Type II diabetes (overweight vs normal BMI)	†1.6 [34]	Blood test
Fitzpatrick II vs IV*§	1.8 [40]	High BP (obese vs normal BMI)	†1.9 [33]	BP cuff
Fitzpatrick III vs IV*	1.8 [40]
History of sunburn vs no history*	2.0 [42]	Lipid disorders (obese vs normal BMI)	†1.9 [34]	Blood test
Blond hair vs dark*	2.0 [40]	Lipid disorders (morbidly obese vs normal BMI)	†1.9 [34]	Blood test
2 atypical nevi vs 0*	2.1 [24]	Lipid disorders (morbidly obese vs normal BMI	†1.9 [34]	Blood test
Fitzpatrick I vs IV*	2.1 [40]	Lipid disorders (morbidly obese vs normal BMI	†1.9 [34]	Blood test
High density of freckles vs low*	2.1 [40]	Breast cancer (first degree relative vs no relative)	2.1 [38]	Mammogram
Total common nevi 41–60 vs <15*	2.2 [24]	Breast cancer (first degree relative vs no relative)	2.1 [38]	Mammogram
Indoor tanning ever use in women aged 40–49 vs never use*	†2.3 [8]	Breast cancer (first-degree relative vs no relative)	2.1 [38]	Mammogram
Family history of melanoma in 1 or more 1st degree relative¶	1.7–3.0 [40,43–44]	AAA (ever smoker vs never smoker)	†3.1 [36]	Ultrasound
3 atypical nevi vs 0¶	3.0 [24]	AAA (ever smoker vs never smoker)	†3.1 [36]	Ultrasound
Total common nevi 61–80 vs <15¶	3.3 [24]	Type II diabetes (obese vs normal BMI)	†3.4 [34]	Blood test
Red hair vs dark¶	3.6 [40]	High blood pressure (high-normal BP vs normal BP)	†3.5 [33]	BP cuff
History of AK and/or KC vs no history¶	4.3 [40]	High blood pressure (high-normal BP vs normal BP)	†3.5 [33]	BP cuff
Indoor tanning ever use in women aged 30–39 years vs never use¶	†4.3 [8]	AAA (male vs female)	5.7 [35]	Ultrasound
4 atypical nevi vs 0¶	4.4 [24]	AAA (male vs female)	5.7 [35]	Ultrasound
Indoor tanning ever use in women aged <30 years vs never use#	†6.0 [8]	Breast cancer (BRCA1 mutation carriers)	6.1 [37]	Mammogram
5 atypical nevi vs 0#	6.4 [24]	Type II diabetes (morbidly obese vs normal BMI)	†7.4 [34]	Blood test
Total common nevi 101–120 vs <15#	6.9 [24]	Lung cancer (current female smoker vs never smoker)	†7.8 [39]	CT scan
Personal history of melanoma#	‡8.2–13.4 [45]	Lung cancer (30–40 pack-year smoking history in woman)	†12.9 [39]	CT scan
CDKN2A mutation carrier#	§14–28 [46]	Lung cancer (current male smoker vs never) Lung Cancer (30–40 pack-year smoking history in males)	†23.6 [39] †24.6 [39]	CT scan CT scan

The diseases and malignancies chosen for comparisons have received US Preventive Services Task Force grade A or B screening recommendations based on risk. Comparable risk factors are listed in order of increasing risk (* signifies minimally increased risk, ¶ signifies moderately increased risk, # signifies greatly increased risk).

^†Odds ratio.

^‡Risk estimate ranges based on risk at age ≥50 years and risk at age <30 years.

^§Risk estimate range based on risk at age 50 years and risk at age 80 years.

AAA: Abdominal aortic aneurysm; AK: Actinic keratosis; BP: Blood pressure; BMI: Body mass index; KC: Keratinocyte carcinoma.