Cortical microinjection of positive allosteric modulator, NS9283, enhanced TINN-evoked responses in A1. A, Example of NN-evoked current sink in A1 enhanced by intracortical microinjection of NS9283, and subsequently by systemic nicotine (left); graph (right) shows response magnitudes before and after NS9283 microinjection. B, Group data (n = 10) of NS9283 effects on NN-evoked responses (left), implicating enhancement by endogenous ACh. Graph on right correlates effect of NS9283 microinjection (post-NS/pre-NS ratio) with that of systemic nicotine (post-nic/pre-NS ratio), all notch widths included. Correlation reflects similar effects of both drugs, including enhancement at narrow notch widths and suppression at intermediate notch widths.