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. 2016 Sep 21;374(5):70. doi: 10.1007/s41061-016-0070-y

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© The Author(s) 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 9 — Left Clouds of bubbles inside a cavitation intensifying bag; right sonochemiluminescence as a result of the radicals produced by the bubbles upon reaction with luminol. The arrow indicates the bubble clouds emerging from the crevices. The scale bar corresponds to 5 mm. Bottom Radical production in bags with and without pits, as a function of time and for a large (45 kHz, 364 kPa and 33.3 W/L) and a small (35 kHz, 427 kPa and 24.2 W/L) ultrasonic bath.

Reproduced with permission from [134]. Copyright 2010 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA