Table 3.

Multivariate Regression Models Predicting Dietary Intake from Frequency of Food Shopping at Different Types of Stores and Sociodemographics Among Primary Household Food Shoppers, Pittsburgh, 2011 (N = 1,372)

Model Predictors	SSBs (kcals)		Added sugars (tsp.)		Discretionary fats (g)		Fruits and vegetables (c.)

	Partially Adjusted Model^a	Fully Adjusted Model^b	Partially Adjusted Model^a	Fully Adjusted Model^b	Partially Adjusted Model^a	Fully Adjusted Model^b	Partially Adjusted Model^a	Fully Adjusted Model^b
Store type
Unhealthy
Convenience store	8.28	4.45	1.01^**	0.79^*	0.92	0.21	−0.02	−0.02
Neighborhood store	17.87^*	9.85^*	1.12^**	0.61^†	2.85^***	1.75^*	0.03	0.05
Dollar store	−1.60	−1.88	0.15	0.16	0.40	0.81	−0.06	−0.03
Moderate
Discount grocery store	6.15	4.28	0.12	0.05	0.41	0.29	0.08^†	0.08^*
Supercenter	8.34^*	3.31	0.64^*	0.48	1.68^*	1.50^*	−0.06	−0.03
Wholesale club	−0.40	0.42	−0.31	−0.06	−0.35	0.20	0.04	0.07
Healthy
Full-service supermarket	2.63	3.85	0.53	0.66	0.61	1.19	0.004	0.02
Specialty grocery store	−7.82	−5.63	−0.34	−0.26	−1.33	−1.66^*	0.24^***	0.20^***
Fruit and vegetable store	−5.63	−1.29	−0.15	0.10	−1.01	−0.11	0.10^*	0.10^*
Model R²	0.04^***	--	0.03^***	--	0.03^***	--	0.04^***	--
Sociodemographic characteristics
Demographics
Age	−1.58^***	−1.36^***	−0.07^***	−0.05^*	−0.23^***	−0.18^***	0.01^*	0.01^*
Male	27.51^**	25.97^**	3.43^***	3.40^***	13.55^***	13.84^***	0.47^***	0.48^***
Socioeconomic status
Annual household income	−0.18	−0.12	−0.001	0.01	0.01	0.02	0.01^†	0.005
College degree	−27.55^*	−23.32^*	−1.11	−0.86	−5.00^*	−3.91^*	0.37^**	0.30^*
Access to vehicle	7.96	8.49	0.11	0.12	−0.36	−0.34	0.14	0.05
SNAP benefits	16.81^*	13.22	2.07^**	1.75^*	0.49	−0.34	0.10	0.10
Household composition
Married or living with partner	−11.29	−11.81	−1.14	−1.21	−1.12	−1.11	−0.12	−0.19
Any children under 18	12.27	12.49	1.88^†	1.91	3.49	3.33	0.23	0.25
Number of residents	2.52	1.33	−0.20	−0.30	−0.91	−1.15	−0.07	−0.09^†
Model R²	0.08^***	0.09^***	0.05^***	0.06^***	0.08^***	0.09^***	0.04^***	0.07^***

Notes. SSBs = sugar-sweetened beverages. kcals = kilocalories. tsp. = teaspoons. g = grams. c. = cups. SNAP = Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program. Annual household income is per capita. Regression coefficients are unstandardized and therefore represent the amount of change in the outcome in raw units for a one unit change in the predictor. For example, controlling for all predictors in the fully adjusted model, participants who had a college degree reported consuming 23.32 fewer kcals of SSBs over a 24-hour period than participants without a college degree.

Partially adjusted multivariate models in the first half of the table include all store types as predictors and do not include sociodemographic characteristics. Partially adjusted multivariate models in the second half of the table include all sociodemographic characteristics as predictors and do not include store types.

The fully adjusted multivariate model includes all store types and sociodemographic characteristics shown in the table as predictors.

^†

p < 10.

p <.05.

^**

p <.01.

^***

p <.001.