Table 3.

Neighborhood factors of study participants by neighborhood congruence, NYCM2M Study

Characteristic	Total (n = 1493)		All the same (n = 248)		Same home and social (n = 68)		Same social and sex (n = 148)		Same home and sex (n = 586)		None the same (n = 443)		p valuea
	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%	N	%
Birthplace
In NYC	458	30.7	49	10.7	19	4.1	47	10.3	177	38.6	166	36.2	0.002
US born, not NYC	680	45.6	130	19.1	35	5.1	69	10.1	266	39.1	180	26.5
Born outside the USA	355	23.8	69	19.4	14	3.9	32	9.0	143	40.3	97	27.3
Childhood
Current home neighborhood	107	7.3	11	10.3	7	6.5	12	11.2	39	36.4	38	35.5	<0.001
Other NYC neighborhood	254	17.4	26	10.2	13	5.1	28	11.0	87	34.3	100	39.4
Outside NYC	1103	75.3	210	19.0	48	4.4	103	9.3	447	40.5	295	26.7
Home neighborhood
Would live in current neighborhood if had choice
No	960	64.4	103	10.7	37	3.9	115	12.0	393	40.9	312	32.5	<0.001
Yes	531	35.6	145	27.3	31	5.8	33	6.2	192	36.2	130	24.5
Length of time in home neighborhood
Less than 1 year	499	33.5	67	13.4	24	4.8	62	12.4	179	35.9	167	33.5	<0.001
1 to <2 years	199	13.3	36	18.1	8	4.0	17	8.5	94	47.2	44	22.1
2 to <5 years	310	20.8	60	19.4	13	4.2	29	9.4	134	43.2	74	23.9
5+	484	32.4	85	17.6	23	4.8	40	8.3	179	37.0	157	32.4
No. of relatives in home neighborhood
0	1106	74.2	205	18.5	49	4.4	109	9.9	456	41.2	287	25.9	<0.001
1+	384	25.8	43	11.2	19	4.9	38	9.9	128	33.3	156	40.6
No. of friends in home neighborhood
0	620	41.5	54	8.7	14	2.3	62	10.0	255	41.1	235	37.9	<0.001
1–2	406	27.2	69	17.0	18	4.4	46	11.3	171	42.1	102	25.1
3–5	287	19.2	63	22.0	21	7.3	26	9.1	105	36.6	72	25.1
6+	180	12.1	62	34.4	15	8.3	14	7.8	55	30.6	34	18.9
Experienced race/sex discrimination in neighborhood
No	1299	87.7	216	16.6	60	4.6	131	10.1	516	39.7	376	29.0	0.61
Yes	182	12.3	30	16.5	8	4.4	17	9.3	64	35.2	63	34.6
Connectedness mean (SD)	2.39 (0.68)		2.67 (0.61)		2.60 (0.63)		2.30 (0.68)		2.37 (0.68)		2.22 (0.68)		<0.001
Social neighborhood
Length of time going to social neighborhood
Less than 1 year	317	21.3	43	13.6	14	4.4	33	10.4	111	35.0	116	36.6	0.20
1 to <2 years	196	13.2	29	14.8	13	6.6	23	11.7	78	39.8	53	27.0
2 to <5 years	395	26.5	74	18.7	19	4.8	37	9.4	156	39.5	109	27.6
5+	582	39.1	102	17.5	22	3.8	54	9.3	239	41.1	165	28.4
No. of relatives in social neighborhood
0	1291	86.6	215	16.7	51	4.0	125	9.7	521	40.4	379	29.4	0.021
1+	199	13.4	33	16.6	17	8.5	22	11.1	64	32.2	63	31.7
No. of friends in social neighborhood
0	433	29.1	38	8.8	12	2.8	42	9.7	180	41.6	161	37.2	<0.001
1–2	457	30.7	69	15.1	20	4.4	44	9.6	191	41.8	133	29.1
3–5	346	23.3	70	20.2	18	5.2	33	9.5	140	40.5	85	24.6
6+	251	16.9	71	28.3	18	7.2	29	11.6	73	29.1	60	23.9
Experienced race/sex discrimination in neighborhood
No	1375	92.7	225	16.4	58	4.2	137	10.0	547	39.8	408	29.7	0.10
Yes	109	7.4	22	20.2	10	9.2	11	10.1	35	32.1	31	28.4
Connectedness mean (SD)	2.67 (0.68)		2.67 (0.68)		2.64 (0.69)		2.61 (0.70)		2.70 (0.67)		2.66 (0.70)		0.74

^aFor categorical characteristics, p value is for overall comparison between all levels