Table 2.
Characteristics of participants.
| N = 40 | |
|---|---|
| Age (year), mean ± SD | 73.8 ± 5.9 |
| Male, n (%) | 18 (45.0) |
| Years of education, n (%) | |
| 0 | 9 (22.5) |
| 1–9 | 19 (47.5) |
| 10–13 | 7 (17.5) |
| 14–17 | 2 (5.0) |
| >17 | 3 (7.5) |
| Height (cm), mean ± SD | 162.4 ± 7.1 |
| Body weight (kg), mean ± SD | 61.3 ± 8.3 |
| BMI (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 23.2 ± 2.4 |
| ASA class, n (%) | |
| I | 0 |
| II | 26 (65.0) |
| III | 14 (35.0) |
| Time of anesthesia (min), mean ± SD | 141.5 ± 17.9 |
| Time of surgery (min), mean ± SD | 105.6 ± 17.1 |
| Type of surgery | |
| Total hip arthroplasty/replacement, n (%) | 17 (42.5) |
| Total knee arthroplasty/replacement, n (%) | 23 (57.5) |
| Estimated blood loss (ml), median and 25–75 percentile | 150 (103–200) |
| Postoperative the highest CAM score, median and 25–75 percentile | 18 (16–23) |
| Postoperative the highest MDAS score, median and 25–75 percentile | 7 (5–11) |
| Postoperative the highest VAS score, median and 25–75 percentile | 3 (1–4) |
The length of anesthesia was defined from the time that the anesthesiologists started the spinal anesthesia in the patients to the time when the patients were sent to the post-anesthesia care unit. The length of surgery was defined from the time of initial incision to the time of the closure of the skin. POD, postoperative delirium; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; cm, centimeter; min, minute; kg, kilogram; ml, milliliter; SD, standard deviation; CSF, cerebrospinal fluid.