Table 1.
Descriptive characteristics of children aged 0–19 years with medulloblastoma, NCDB 1998–2011 with corresponding Chi-square p-values for differences between age groups.
| Characteristic | Age Group (years) | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | 0–4 | 5–19 | p-value | ||||
| N | % | N | % | N | % | ||
| Gender | 0.1362 | ||||||
| Male | 2293 | 62.9 | 686 | 61.1 | 1607 | 63.7 | |
| Female | 1354 | 37.1 | 437 | 38.9 | 917 | 36.3 | |
| Race | 0.0225 | ||||||
| White | 2966 | 81.3 | 899 | 80.1 | 2067 | 81.9 | |
| Black | 391 | 10.7 | 117 | 10.4 | 274 | 10.9 | |
| Others | 219 | 6.0 | 74 | 6.6 | 145 | 5.7 | |
| Unknown | 71 | 2.0 | 33 | 2.9 | 38 | 1.5 | |
| Spanish Origin | 0.0073 | ||||||
| Yes | 565 | 15.5 | 201 | 17.9 | 364 | 14.4 | |
| No | 2904 | 79.6 | 859 | 76.5 | 2045 | 81.0 | |
| Unknown | 178 | 4.9 | 63 | 5.6 | 115 | 4.6 | |
| Insurance | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Not Insured | 136 | 3.7 | 34 | 3.0 | 102 | 4.0 | |
| Private Insurance/Managed Care | 2268 | 62.2 | 640 | 57.0 | 1628 | 64.5 | |
| Medicaid | 957 | 26.2 | 361 | 32.1 | 596 | 23.6 | |
| Medicare/Other Government | 119 | 3.3 | 39 | 3.5 | 80 | 3.2 | |
| Unknown | 167 | 4.6 | 49 | 4.4 | 118 | 4.7 | |
| Income | 0.6559 | ||||||
| < $30,000 | 530 | 14.5 | 166 | 14.8 | 364 | 14.4 | |
| $30,000 – $34,999 | 574 | 15.7 | 186 | 16.5 | 388 | 15.4 | |
| $35,000 – $45,999 | 969 | 26.6 | 303 | 27.0 | 666 | 26.4 | |
| $46,000 + | 1333 | 36.6 | 402 | 35.8 | 931 | 36.9 | |
| Unknown | 241 | 6.6 | 66 | 5.9 | 175 | 6.9 | |
| Education | 0.4322 | ||||||
| ≥ 29% (Lowest level of HS Grads) | 696 | 19.1 | 221 | 19.7 | 475 | 18.8 | |
| 20% – 28.9% | 805 | 22.1 | 264 | 23.5 | 541 | 21.4 | |
| 14% – 19.9% | 739 | 20.3 | 218 | 19.4 | 521 | 20.7 | |
| < 14% (Highest level of HS Grads) | 1166 | 32.0 | 354 | 31.5 | 812 | 32.2 | |
| Unknown | 241 | 6.6 | 66 | 5.9 | 175 | 6.9 | |
| Region | 0.0227 | ||||||
| Metro | 2805 | 76.9 | 858 | 76.4 | 1947 | 77.1 | |
| Urban | 535 | 14.7 | 188 | 16.8 | 347 | 13.8 | |
| Rural | 67 | 1.8 | 16 | 1.4 | 51 | 2.0 | |
| Unknown | 240 | 6.6 | 61 | 5.4 | 179 | 7.1 | |
| Primary Site | 0.2820 | ||||||
| Brain stem | 429 | 11.8 | 128 | 11.4 | 301 | 11.9 | |
| Cerebellum | 2448 | 67.1 | 758 | 67.5 | 1690 | 67.0 | |
| Ventricle | 141 | 3.9 | 34 | 3.0 | 107 | 4.2 | |
| Others | 629 | 17.3 | 203 | 18.1 | 426 | 16.9 | |
| Histology | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Medulloblastoma, NOS | 3165 | 86.8 | 900 | 80.1 | 2265 | 89.7 | |
| Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma | 345 | 9.5 | 167 | 14.9 | 178 | 7.1 | |
| Large Cell Medulloblastoma | 137 | 3.8 | 56 | 5.0 | 81 | 3.2 | |
| Chemotherapy | 0.0039 | ||||||
| Yes | 2875 | 78.8 | 922 | 82.1 | 1953 | 77.4 | |
| No | 649 | 17.8 | 165 | 14.7 | 484 | 19.2 | |
| Unknown | 123 | 3.4 | 36 | 3.2 | 87 | 3.4 | |
| Radiation Therapy | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Yes | 2689 | 73.7 | 558 | 49.7 | 2131 | 84.4 | |
| No | 927 | 25.4 | 554 | 49.3 | 373 | 14.8 | |
| Unknown | 31 | 0.9 | 11 | 1.0 | 20 | 0.8 | |
| Combination Therapy | <0.0001 | ||||||
| Both Chemotherapy and Radiation | 2359 | 64.7 | 506 | 45.1 | 1853 | 73.4 | |
| Chemotherapy Only | 516 | 14.2 | 416 | 37.0 | 100 | 4.0 | |
| Radiation Only | 330 | 9.1 | 52 | 4.6 | 278 | 11.0 | |
| Neither Chemotherapy or Radiation | 431 | 11.8 | 146 | 13.0 | 285 | 11.3 | |
| Unknown | 11 | 0.3 | 3 | 0.3 | 8 | 0.3 | |
| Surgical Procedure of the Primary Site | 0.0014 | ||||||
| Yes | 3505 | 96.1 | 61 | 5.4 | 81 | 3.2 | |
| No | 142 | 3.9 | 1062 | 94.6 | 2443 | 96.8 | |
| Tumor Size | 0.0008 | ||||||
| Less than 3 cm | 266 | 7.3 | 77 | 6.9 | 189 | 7.5 | |
| 3–5 cm | 1477 | 40.5 | 412 | 36.7 | 1065 | 42.2 | |
| 5+ cm | 614 | 16.8 | 225 | 20.0 | 389 | 15.4 | |
| Unknown | 1290 | 35.4 | 409 | 36.4 | 881 | 34.9 | |