Table 4.
Significant feature variables associated with the Sasang constitution types.
| 30–49 |
50–69 |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Face Shape | Male | TE (n = 109) | SE (n = 74) | SY (n = 80) | F | TE (n = 120) | SE (n = 43) | SY (n = 80) | F |
| FW33 | 77.190 ± 4.690a | 74.580 ± 4.016b | 75.550 ± 4.712ab | 7.82‡ | 75.380 ± 4.896a | 72.570 ± 5.951b | 73.400 ± 4.874ab | 6.40† | |
| FW43 | 69.290 ± 5.453a | 65.050 ± 4.545b | 66.450 ± 5.163b | 16.50‡ | 68.000 ± 6.524a | 64.120 ± 6.569b | 65.000 ± 5.491b | 8.92‡ | |
| FD(47,51) | 199.000 ± 10.830 | 198.300 ± 11.150 | 200.200 ± 11.770 | 0.60 | 201.600 ± 12.670a | 196.000 ± 14.140b | 200.500 ± 12.020ab | 3.14* | |
| FW33/FD(47,51) | 0.388 ± 0.024a | 0.377 ± 0.026b | 0.378 ± 0.022b | 6.48† | 0.375 ± 0.026 | 0.371 ± 0.025 | 0.367 ± 0.022 | 2.57 | |
| FW33/FD(52,51) | 0.628 ± 0.040a | 0.610 ± 0.038b | 0.615 ± 0.035ab | 5.81† | 0.612 ± 0.042 | 0.602 ± 0.036 | 0.602 ± 0.036 | 1.82 | |
| FW43/FD(47,51) | 0.349 ± 0.030a | 0.329 ± 0.029b | 0.333 ± 0.028b | 12.4‡ | 0.338 ± 0.035 | 0.327 ± 0.029 | 0.325 ± 0.028 | 4.63* | |
| FW43/FD(52,51) | 0.564 ± 0.048a | 0.532 ± 0.043b | 0.532 ± 0.045b | 12.1‡ | 0.552 ± 0.057 | 0.532 ± 0.043 | 0.533 ± 0.045 | 4.38* | |
| FA(33,43,51) | 131.700 ± 4.743a | 134.600 ± 6.015b | 134.600 ± 5.424b | 8.86‡ | 131.600 ± 4.576a | 133.400 ± 4.460ab | 133.700 ± 5.211b | 5.25† | |
| Female | TE (n = 173) | SE (n = 162) | SY (n = 212) | F | TE (n = 173) | SE (n = 97) | SY (n = 141) | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FW33 | 72.590 ± 3.796a | 70.260 ± 3.779b | 71.140 ± 3.611b | 16.90‡ | 72.420 ± 4.773a | 70.350 ± 4.498b | 70.770 ± 3.964b | 8.68‡ | |
| FW43 | 63.520 ± 4.021a | 60.120 ± 4.312b | 61.070 ± 4.153b | 30.40‡ | 64.250 ± 5.273a | 61.280 ± 4.951b | 62.530 ± 4.970b | 11.40‡ | |
| FD(52,51) | 116.300 ± 5.524 | 115.200 ± 5.559 | 115.200 ± 5.473 | 2.37 | 117.800 ± 6.460 | 116.300 ± 6.110 | 116.000 ± 5.870 | 4.03* | |
| FW33/FD(47,51) | 0.385 ± 0.021a | 0.374 ± 0.023b | 0.377 ± 0.020b | 12.50‡ | 0.381 ± 0.024 | 0.372 ± 0.026 | 0.377 ± 0.026 | 4.06* | |
| FW33/FD(52,51) | 0.625 ± 0.035a | 0.610 ± 0.034b | 0.618 ± 0.033ab | 7.64‡ | 0.615 ± 0.038a | 0.606 ± 0.043b | 0.611 ± 0.038ab | 1.81 | |
| FW43/FD(47,51) | 0.337 ± 0.023a | 0.320 ± 0.026b | 0.323 ± 0.024b | 23.10‡ | 0.338 ± 0.028a | 0.324 ± 0.029b | 0.333 ± 0.031ab | 7.03‡ | |
| FW43/FD(52,51) | 0.547 ± 0.039a | 0.522 ± 0.040b | 0.531 ± 0.038b | 17.50‡ | 0.546 ± 0.046a | 0.528 ± 0.046b | 0.540 ± 0.045ab | 5.02† | |
| FA(33,43,51) | 133.100 ± 3.872a | 135.300 ± 4.000b | 134.700 ± 3.760b | 14.70‡ | 132.000 ± 4.326 | 132.900 ± 4.058 | 133.000 ± 4.624 | 2.25 |
| Forehead | Male | TE (n = 109) | SE (n = 74) | SY (n = 80) | F | TE (n = 120) | SE (n = 43) | SY (n = 80) | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PA(9,6) | 61.280 ± 6.366ab | 62.690 ± 5.135a | 60.230 ± 5.795b | 3.39* | 59.650 ± 6.068 | 61.150 ± 6.258 | 59.350 ± 6.228 | 1.82 |
| Eye | Male | TE (n = 109) | SE (n = 74) | SY (n = 80) | F | TE (n = 120) | SE (n = 43) | SY (n = 80) | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FA(25,17) | 19.290 ± 4.427 | 20.400 ± 5.075 | 19.520 ± 3.920 | 1.41 | 20.160 ± 4.469a | 22.460 ± 3.606b | 21.170 ± 4.861ab | 4.42* | |
| FA(18,17,25) | 135.300 ± 7.923 | 132.800 ± 7.520 | 133.800 ± 6.812 | 2.55 | 136.700 ± 7.470a | 133.100 ± 7.457b | 135.300 ± 7.610ab | 3.71* |
| Female | TE (n = 173) | SE (n = 162) | SY (n = 212) | F | TE (n = 173) | SE (n = 97) | SY (n = 141) | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FDH(18,25) | 29.370 ± 2.604a | 28.330 ± 2.098b | 28.600 ± 2.468b | 8.60‡ | 28.200 ± 2.766a | 27.260 ± 2.742b | 27.710 ± 2.673ab | 3.89† | |
| FDV(17,26) | 1.801 ± 1.340 | 1.983 ± 1.245 | 2.140 ± 1.348 | 3.17* | 1.543 ± 1.133 | 1.576 ± 1.178 | 1.752 ± 1.323 | 1.25 | |
| FDV(17,26)/FDH(18,25) | 0.062 ± 0.047a | 0.071 ± 0.046ab | 0.077 ± 0.050b | 4.17* | 0.055 ± 0.041 | 0.058 ± 0.044 | 0.064 ± 0.050 | 1.60 | |
| FA(25,18) | -3.029 ± 3.257a | -3.616 ± 3.186ab | -3.974 ± 3.362b | 3.98* | -1.967 ± 3.409 | -1.624 ± 3.837 | -2.607 ± 3.847 | 2.28 | |
| FA(25,17) | 21.230 ± 4.491a | 22.630 ± 4.107b | 21.460 ± 4.009a | 5.43† | 21.710 ± 4.138a | 23.460 ± 4.690b | 21.480 ± 3.865a | 7.36‡ | |
| FA(25,26) | 7.079 ± 5.609 | 8.287 ± 5.442 | 8.503 ± 5.719 | 3.40* | 5.800 ± 6.211ab | 4.112 ± 7.002a | 6.220 ± 6.519b | 3.24* | |
| FA(17,18) | 30.740 ± 4.722a | 31.910 ± 4.385ab | 32.300 ± 4.488b | 5.92† | 26.800 ± 4.890 | 27.290 ± 4.853 | 27.050 ± 4.728 | 0.32 | |
| FA(18,17,25) | 128.000 ± 7.214a | 125.500 ± 6.747b | 126.200 ± 6.545b | 6.38† | 131.500 ± 7.328a | 129.300 ± 7.096b | 131.500 ± 6.542a | 3.73† |
| Nose | Male | TE (n = 109) | SE (n = 74) | SY (n = 80) | F | TE (n = 120) | SE (n = 43) | SY (n = 80) | F |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FW35 | 21.690 ± 1.332 | 21.180 ± 1.525 | 21.600 ± 1.641 | 2.78 | 22.160 ± 1.777a | 21.220 ± 1.921b | 21.440 ± 1.768ab | 6.23† | |
| PDV(12,14) | 37.670 ± 3.951 | 39.150 ± 4.230 | 38.690 ± 4.187 | 3.16* | 38.210 ± 4.389 | 38.570 ± 3.786 | 38.680 ± 4.341 | 0.32 | |
| FD(52,49)/FW35 | 2.285 ± 0.177 | 2.351 ± 0.240 | 2.339 ± 0.241 | 2.51 | 2.244 ± 0.237a | 2.322 ± 0.231ab | 2.354 ± 0.219b | 5.94† | |
| PA(14,12) | 56.760 ± 4.980 | 58.560 ± 4.892 | 57.920 ± 4.392 | 3.33* | 57.460 ± 4.917 | 57.270 ± 4.882 | 58.060 ± 4.751 | 0.51 | |
| PA(14,21) | 43.900 ± 6.601a | 40.270 ± 7.445b | 42.330 ± 6.963ab | 5.99† | 44.430 ± 8.359 | 43.240 ± 6.749 | 44.000 ± 7.067 | 0.39 |
| Female | TE (n = 173) | SE (n = 162) | SY (n = 212) | F | TE (n = 173) | SE (n = 97) | SY (n = 141) | F | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FW35 | 20.050 ± 1.436a | 19.370 ± 1.461b | 19.720 ± 1.479ab | 9.11‡ | 20.870 ± 1.799a | 20.220 ± 1.766b | 20.120 ± 1.596b | 8.67‡ | |
| FD(52,49)/FW35 | 2.378 ± 0.223a | 2.477 ± 0.244b | 2.420 ± 0.237ab | 7.49† | 2.322 ± 0.223 | 2.326 ± 0.229 | 2.354 ± 0.219 | 0.85 |
Each value represents mean ± standard deviation. Asterisks on F statistics indicate the magnitude of the p-value: *(p < 0.05), †(p < 0.01), ‡(p < 0.001). Alphabetic notations (a, b, ab) indicate homogeneous subgroups resulting from the post hoc test applying Sheffe's method.
SE, So-Eum; SY, So-Yang; TE, Tae-Eum.