Table 2.
Dose-dependent effects of EGCG
| Functions | Concentrations, μM | Refs | Catechins |
|---|---|---|---|
| SGLT1 block | >1 | 23 | <ECG |
| 13 | (only GC) | ||
| GLUTs block | <1 | 24 | <ECG |
| 39 | (only GC) | ||
| 16 | |||
| 40 | |||
| Micelle formation block | >100 | 14 | ≈ECG (probably) |
| Alcohol absorption block | >100 | 23 | ≈ECG |
| (only GC) | |||
| In KATP channels | |||
| PIPs sensitivity block | <1 | 48 | only EGCG |
| ATP sensitivity block | >1 | 48 | only EGCG |
| Direct channel block | >10 | 46 | >EGC, <ECG |
| In adipocytes | |||
| Increased RBP-4 secretion | >1 | 15 | >ECG |
| Increased ROS generation | >10 | 15 | >ECG |
| Decreased adipocyte survival | >10 | 15 | >ECG |
| Decreased PPAR-γ expression | >10 | 15 | >ECG |
| Decreased adiponectin expression | >10 | 15 | >ECG |
ATP, adenosine triphosphate; ECG, (–)-epicatechin-3-gallate; EGC, (–)-epigallocatechin; EGCG, (–)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate; GC, gallatecatechin; GLUTs, glucose transporters; KATP, ATP-sensitive K+; PIPs, phosphatidylinositol polyphosphates; PPAR-γ, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ; RBP-4, retinol binding protein-4; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SGLT1, sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1.