Table 5.
Summary of significant features in So-Eum type
| Main scale | Features |
|---|---|
| MBTI | |
| Preference index | E–I: 4.2:95.8, S–N: 57.7:42.3, T–F: 73.2:26.8, J–P: 57.7:42.3 (Choi et al., 2000)8 E–I: 3.2:96.8, S–N: 71.0:29.9, T–F: 54.8:71.0, J–P: 64.5:35.5 (Chae et al., 2001)9 E–I: 68.8:31.2, S–N:78.1:21.9, T–F: 53.1:46.9, J–P: 34.4:65.6 (Park, 2003)10 E–I: 13.4:86.6, S–N: 62.2:37.8, T–F: 15.9:84.1, J–P: 56.1:43.9 (Lee, 2004)11 E–I: 22.0:78.0, S–N: 78.0:22.0, T–F: 56.1:43.9, J–P: 63.4:36.6 (Choi and Shin, 2007)6 E–I: 31.1:68.9, S–N: 82.2:17.8, T–F: 64.4:35.6, J–P: 64.4:35.6 (Song et al., 2009)12 |
| Dominant function |
S (40.8), T (18.3), N(25.4), F (15.5) (Choi et al., 2000)8 S (41.9), T (16.1), N (19.4), F (22.6).(Chae et al., 2001)9 |
| Character type | ISTJ (32.4) (Choi et al., 2000)8, ISTJ (29.0) (Chae et al., 2001)9, ISTJ (25.6) (Lee, 2004)11, ISTJ (Choi and Shin, 2007)6, ISTJ (26.7) (Song et al., 2009)12 |
| TCI | |
| Temperament | NS: SE < SY (p = 0.052) (Seo et al., 2009)29 NS: SE < SY, TE; HA: SE > TE > SY; P: SE < SY, TE (Choi, 2010)13 NS: SY > SE; HA: SE > SY; RD: SY > SE > TE (Lee, 2010)14 NS: SY > TE, SE; RD: SY > SE > TE (Sung et al., 2011)15 NS: SY > SE; HA: SE > TE > SY; RD: SY > SE; P: SE < TE, SY (Sung et al., 2012)16 NS: SY > SE; HA: SE > TE, SY; RD: SY > SE (Jung et al., 2012)17 NS: SE < SY, TE; HA: SE > TE, SY; RD: SY, TE > SE; P: SY, TE > SE (Kang, 2014)18 |
| Character | SD: SY > TE (Choi, 2010)13, SD: SY > TE, SE (Lee, 2010)14, SD: SY> TE, SE (Sung et al., 2011)15 |
| MMPI | 2, 7, 0: SE, TE > SY (Kim et al., 1994)19 2: SE, TE > SY; 9: SY, TY > SE; 0: SE > SY, TE; INTR: SE > SY, TE (Lee et al., 2011)20 2: SE > SY; 9: SY > SE; 0: SE > TE, SY; INTR: SE > SY (Jung et al., 2012)17 |
| NEO-PI-R | N: SE > SY; E: TE, SY > SE; A1 & A3: SE < SY, TE, TY; C2: SE > TE, SY; C4: SE > TE (Park and Lee, 2000)21; N: SE > TE, SY; E: SE < TE, SY (Jung et al., 2012)17 |
| K-EPQ | E: SE < TE, SY; L: SE > SY; Imp: SY > TE, SE (Sung et al., 2012)16 E: SE < TE, SY; Imp: SY > SE (Kang, 2014)18 |
| SCL-90-R | SOM: SY > SE, TE; HOS: SY > TE, SE (Chae et al., 2010)22; DEP: SE > TE, SY; ANX: SY > SE, TE (Jeon, 2012),7 I-S & O-C: SE > SY (Min et al., 2001)30 |
| Other scales | A-O: SY > SE, TE; AVD & R-F: SE > SY, TE; SUP: SY, TE > SY; HUR: SY, TE > SE—EDMT (Kim, 2000)23; PSQ: SE > SY (Yoo et al., 2003)31; S-AC: SY > SE; S-A: SY > TE, SE (Lee and Kim, 2005),24 depression & anxiety: SE > TE, SY.—SOS (Choi et al., 2008)25; total stress: SE > SY >TE (Chang et al., 2012)32; rational: SE > SY; intuitive: SY > SE—ACDM (Choi et al., 2008)25; retreat oriented: SE (25.1%)—KEPTI (Heo and Youn, 2014)27; trait anxiety: SE > SY, TE—STAI (Song et al., 2009)12; negative emotion expression: SE > SY—EEQ (Kim, 2011)33; negative emotion: SE > TE—PANAS (Yoon et al., 2011)26; ASE: TE > SY; PSE > SE, TE > SY; BSE: TE > SY—PSE; SE: NS (Na et al., 2005)34 |
A1, trust; A3, altruism; ACDM, Assessment of Career Decision Making Scale; ANX, anxiety; A-O, acting out; ASE, anxiety for self-expression; AVD, avoidance; BSE, body self-expression; C2, orderliness; C4, need for achievement; DEP, depression; E, extraversion; EDMT, Ehwa Defense Mechanisms Test; EEQ, Emotional Expressiveness Questionnaire; E–I, extraversion–introversion; HA, harm avoidance; HOS, hostility; HUR, humor; Imp, impulsiveness; I-S, interpersonal sensitivity; J–P, judging–perceiving; KEPTI, Korean Enneagram Type Indicator; K-EPQ, Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Korean version); L (K-EPQ), lie; MBTI, Mayers and Briggs Type Indicator; MMPI, Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory; NEO-PI-R, Revised NEO-Personality Inventory; NS, novelty seeking; O-C, obsessive compulsive; P, perseverance; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affect Schedule; PSE, physical self-expression; PSQ, perceived stress questionnaire; RD, reward dependence; R-F, reaction formation; S-A, self-assertion; S-AC, self-acceptance; SCL-90-R, Symptom Checklist-90—Revised; SD, self-directedness; SE, self-esteem; S–N, sensation–intuition; SOM, somatization; SOS, Symptoms of Stress; STAI, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory; SUP, suppression; SY, So-Yang type; TCI, Temperament and Character Inventory; TE, Tae-Eum type; T–F, thinking–feeling; TY, Tae-Yang type.