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. 2014 Oct 2;4(2):66–75. doi: 10.1016/j.imr.2014.09.006

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© 2014 Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Published by Elsevier.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 3 — Mangiferin modulates [Ca²⁺]_m and induces loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. (A) [Ca²⁺]_m levels: Mangiferin caused significant changes in [Ca²⁺]_m in a dose-dependent manner. Results were expressed as % relative Rhod 2-AM fluorescence. (B) Mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔψM): A dose-dependent significant loss of membrane potential was observed during mangiferin treatment. The cells were treated with 50 μM CCCP as a positive control. Results shown are mean ± SD (n = 6).

Significant differences were indicated as follows:

* p < 0.05.

** p < 0.01.

*** p < 0.001.

[Ca²⁺]_m, mitochondrial calcium levels; CCCP, carbonyl cyanide 4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenylhydrazone; Group I, control group; Group II, 50 μM mangiferin group; Group III, 70 μM mangiferin group; Group IV, 90 μM mangiferin group; NS, nonsignificant; SD, standard deviation.