Table 1.
Antifungal activity of different concentrations of herbal essential oils using the disc diffusion method (i.e., zone of inhibition)
|
Foeniculum vulgare Mill |
Satureja hortensis L |
Cuminum cyminum |
Zataria multiflora Boiss |
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration (μg/mL) | 24 | 48 | 24 | 48 | 24 | 48 | 24 | 48 |
| 0.63 | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a |
| 1.25 | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a |
| 2.50 | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a |
| 5 | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.17 ± 0.17 a | 0.17 ± 0.17 a |
| 10 | 0.07 ± 0.07 a | 0.07 ± 0.07 a | 0.17 ± 0.17 a | 0.40 ± 0.21 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 1.23 ± 0.20 a | 2.47 ± 0.44 a,b |
| 20 | 0.70 ± 0.21 a,b | 1.40 ± 0.23 a,b | 0.93 ± 0.18 a | 1.63 ± 0.32 a,b | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 3.17 ± 0.44 a,b | 4.43 ± 0.42 b |
| 40 | 1.10 ± 0.10 a,b | 1.93 ± 0.12 b | 1.77 ± 0.23 a | 3.67 ± 0.48 b | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 0.00 ± 0.00 a | 4.87 ± 0.13 b | 8.20 ± 0.61 c |
| 60 | 2.23 ± 0.28 b,c | 3.60 ± 0.32 c | 4.70 ± 0.70 b | 6.70 ± 0.30 c | 0.23 ± 0.12 a | 0.23 ± 0.12 a | 9.83 ± 0.44 c | 11.80 ± 0.76 d |
| 80 | 4.20 ± 0.20 cd | 6.40 ± 0.23 d | 6.90 ± 0.38 b,c | 10.57 ± 0.38 d | 1.07 ± 0.12 a | 1.50 ± 0.29 a,b | 14.00 ± 0.29 d | 16.40 ± 0.38 e |
| 100 | 5.60 ± 0.38 d | 8.13 ± 0.47 e | 8.67 ± 0.42 c | 12.37 ± 0.35 d | 2.40 ± 0.21 b | 3.77 ± 0.28 c | 20.23 ± 1.48 e | 23.37 ± 0.33 f |
| 200 | 8.00 ± 0.21 e | 12.30 ± 0.47 f | 13.50 ± 0.81 d | 16.20 ± 0.61 e | 3.67 ± 0.49 c | 6.73 ± 0.27 d | 20.20 ± 0.64 e | 25.87 ± 0.58 f,g |
| 300 | 11.33 ± 0.70 f | 14.57 ± 0.2 g | 16.80 ± 0.15 e | 20.43 ± 0.73 f | 7.20 ± 0.25 d | 8.80 ± 0.42 e | 22.57 ± 1.33 ef | 27.70 ± 1.8 g,h |
| 400 | 12.80 ± 0.40 f | 17.27 ± 0.50 h | 20.20 ± 0.40 f | 24.43 ± 0.6 g | 10.50 ± 0.29 e | 12.40 ± 0.61f | 25.60 ± 0.7 f,g | 29.80 ± 0.40 h |
| 500 | 15.83 ± 1.1 g | 20.83 ± 0.44 i | 23.87 ± 0.9 g | 28.30 ± 1.33 h | 11.17 ± 0.49 e | 14.33 ± 0.4 g | 26.37 ± 0.6 g | 34.87 ± 0.73 i |
Data are presented as mean ± SE.
a-i Different letters on every column represent meaningful difference (p < 0.0001).