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. 2017 Jun 20;8:15845. doi: 10.1038/ncomms15845

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Copyright © 2017, The Author(s)

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Schematic of a phantom made by dispersing LGNRs and 3 μm diameter polystyrene beads in an agarose gel. (b,c) OCT and SM-OCT B-scans of the phantom. In the OCT image, many of the beads cannot be detected due to speckle noise. In the SM-OCT image, speckle noise is significantly reduced while preserving resolution, and the beads become visible, along with the random distribution of LGNRs in the phantom. Scale bar, 100 μm. (d–g) Close-up views of regions in the phantom showing superiority of SM-OCT over OCT in detecting the beads. In the SM-OCT image the beads are revealed as the number of averaged images (M) increases. Scale bar, 50 μm. (h) Schematic showing the locations of the three beads. (i,j) Intensity profiles (on logarithmic scale) along lines 1 and 2, respectively, as depicted in h, demonstrating the beads are easily visible in SM-OCT but not in OCT. Size of a pixel is 2μm.