Table 1.
Population characteristics by sex
| Characteristic | Men | Women | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Number of subjects | 2218 | 811 | |
| Age, years | 46.97 ± 10.5 | 45.6 ± 10.3 | 0.001 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 26.4 ± 4.0 | 24.6 ± 4.4 | <0.001 |
| METs | 12.3 ± 3.8 | 10.2 ± 4.6 | <0.001 |
| eGFR, ml/min/m2 | 82.7 ± 14.2 | 81.9 ± 16.2 | 0.178 |
| HemA1c, % | 5.4 ± 0.5 | 5.4 ± 0.4 | 0.014 |
| Baseline U albumin, mg/l | 2.9 (0.8 to 7.6) | 3.4 (0.8 to 8.2) | 0.136 |
| Following exercise U albumin, mg/l | 5.3 (1.4 to 17.8) | 4.2 (1.1 to 10.5) | 0.027 |
| Change in U albumin mg/l | 13.6 ± 54.3 | 6 ± 48.9 | <0.001 |
| Baseline UACR, mg/g | 2.9 (1.3 to 6.8) | 4.8 (1.9–11.2) | <0.001 |
| Following exercise UACR, mg/g | 7.1 (2.5 to 22.3) | 7.9 (2.9–22.3) | 0.306 |
| Change in UACR, mg/g | 3.1 (0.1 to 14.7) | 1.7 (−0.8 to 10.7) | 0.003 |
| Fasting glucose, mg/dl | 88.4 ± 14.5 | 84.9 ± 12.4 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes diagnosis % | 5% | 3.7% | 0.183 |
| Systolic BP, mmHg | 127.4 ± 14.3 | 118.8 ± 15.7 | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mmHg | 79.1 ± 9.7 | 74.3 ± 9.3 | <0.001 |
| Basal heart rate, BPM | 68.7 ± 11.8 | 73.1 ± 11.7 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl | 184.3 ± 32.5 | 190.9 ± 33.1 | <0.001 |
| High-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, mg/dl | 48.8 ± 11.3 | 64.1 ± 16.4 | <0.001 |
| Low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, mg/dl | 112.1 ± 28.2 | 107.9 ± 28.0 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl | 118.8 ± 71.8 | 94.3 ± 47.0 | <0.001 |
| Blood creatinine, mg/dl | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 0.8 ± 0.1 | <0.001 |
Values are presented as mean ± SD, or median (interquartile range) for irregular distributed parameters
BMI body mass index, A1C hemoglobin A1C, BPM beats per minute, BP blood pressure, U urinary, METs metabolic equivalents, UACR urinary albumin to creatinine ratio, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate