Figure 1.

Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for the association of 1,5-AG with incident dementia among persons with diabetes. HRs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression among persons with diabetes (N = 1,659) with adjustment for age, race (black/white), sex, education, hypertension (yes/no), history of stroke (yes/no), history of coronary heart disease (yes/no), APOE4 genotype (0, 1, or 2 alleles), and HbA_1c. 1,5-AG was measured at baseline (1990–1992) and modeled continuously with the reference point of 1,5-AG set to the 60th percentile (∼10 μg/mL). We also modeled the association using linear splines with knots at the 5th, 35th, 65th, and 95th percentiles. Diabetes was defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes, use of glucose-lowering medication, or an HbA_1c level of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol). The median follow-up time was 18 years, and there were 217 cases of incident dementia.