Table 2.
Adjusted HRs (95% CI) for the association of 1,5-AG categories with incident dementia by diabetes status (N = 12,996)
| Events/N (%) | Model 1 HR (95% CI) | P value† | Model 2 HR (95% CI) | P value† | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No diabetes | ||||||
| 1,5-AG ≥10 μg/mL | 829/10,708 (7.7%) | 1 (reference) | 0.962 | 1 (reference) | 0.754 | |
| 1,5-AG <10 μg/mL | 48/576 (8.3%) | 1.01 (0.75, 1.35) | 1.05 (0.78, 1.40) | |||
| Diabetes | ||||||
| HbA1c <7%* | 1,5-AG ≥10 μg/mL | 60/535 (11.2%) | 1.34 (1.02, 1.75) | 0.359 | 1.27 (0.97, 1.67) | 0.285 |
| 1,5-AG <10 μg/mL | 19/125 (15.2%) | 1.71 (1.08, 2.70) | 1.69 (1.07, 2.67) | |||
| HbA1c ≥7%* | 1,5-AG ≥10 μg/mL | 19/176 (10.8%) | 1.41 (0.89, 2.23) | 0.020 | 1.31 (0.83, 2.07) | 0.011 |
| 1,5-AG <10 μg/mL | 130/876 (14.8%) | 2.49 (2.06, 3.02) | 2.44 (2.01, 2.97) |
HRs and CIs were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression over a median follow-up time of 21 years. Diabetes was defined as a self-reported physician diagnosis of diabetes, use of glucose-lowering medication, or an HbA1c ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol); model 1, adjusted for age, sex, education, and race-center; model 2, adjusted for the variables in model 1 plus hypertension, history of stroke, history of coronary heart disease, cigarette smoking status, drinking status, and APOE4.
†P value for test of the difference in HR between 1,5-AG concentrations of ≥10 and <10 μg/mL within diabetes status and HbA1c category.
*Equivalent to HbA1c level of 53 mmol/mol.