Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of T1D case subjects and control subjects in the study population
| Patient characteristics | Control (n = 74) | T1D (n = 176) | P value* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 15.4 (2.2) | 15.2 (2.2) | 0.64 |
| Duration of diabetes (years) | — | 8.6 (2.9) | |
| Sex, female, n (%) | 42 (57) | 99 (56) | 0.92 |
| Race, % | 0.03 | ||
| Non-Hispanic white | 68 | 83 | |
| African American | 11 | 3 | |
| Hispanic | 11 | 6 | |
| Other | 10 | 9 | |
| Tanner stage, %¥ | 0.77 | ||
| 1 | 5 | 4 | |
| 2 | 13 | 10 | |
| 3 | 16 | 12 | |
| 4 | 24 | 25 | |
| 5 | 42 | 49 | |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 21.8 (4.2) | 22.4 (3.4) | 0.03 |
| BMI z score | 0.27 (1.0) | 0.55 (0.77) | 0.04 |
| HbA1c (%, mmol/mol) | 5.3 (0.3), 34 (2.9) | 9.0 (1.6), 75 (17.5) | <0.001 |
| Systolic BP (mmHg) | 109 (8) | 113 (9) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP (mmHg) | 64 (6) | 69 (6) | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 148 (28) | 159 (35) | 0.47 |
| LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 82 (23) | 90 (28) | 0.39 |
| HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) | 49 (9) | 52 (11) | 0.29 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 83 (42) | 87 (50) | 0.33 |
| ApoB (mg/dL) | 69 (19) | 77 (23) | 0.003 |
| PCSK9 (ng/mL) | 203 (77) | 279 (104) | 0.0001 |
Values are mean (SD), unless otherwise indicated. BP, blood pressure.
*
Comparisons between groups determined using t tests if variables were normally distributed or normality was achieved with log transformation. Boldface type indicates statistical significance where P < 0.05.
¥
Tanner stage refers to pubic hair development by provider report.