Table 1.
Demographics of mothers and their offspring
| Afro-Caribbean | Northern European | Mexican American | Thai | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal parity, N (%) | ||||
| First child | 189 (47.2) | 203 (50.8) | 85 (21.2) | 211 (52.8) |
| Second child or more | 211 (52.8) | 197 (49.2) | 315 (78.8) | 189 (47.2) |
| Newborn sex, N (%) | ||||
| Male | 208 (52.0) | 209 (52.2) | 180 (45.0) | 201 (50.2) |
| Female | 192 (48.0) | 191 (47.8) | 220 (55.0) | 199 (49.8) |
| Mode of delivery, N (%) | ||||
| Vaginal | 365 (91.2) | 294 (73.5) | 319 (79.8) | 287 (71.8) |
| Prelabor cesarean section | 22 (5.5) | 64 (16.0) | 58 (14.5) | 70 (17.5) |
| In-labor cesarean section | 13 (3.2) | 42 (10.5) | 23 (5.8) | 43 (10.8) |
| Maternal characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||
| Age at OGTT (years) | 25.7 (5.63) | 29.4 (5.12) | 29.0 (5.30) | 28.0 (5.80) |
| BMI at OGTT (kg/m2) | 28.2 (6.26) | 29.2 (5.27) | 29.6 (5.19) | 25.8 (3.66) |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg) | 78.9 (7.51) | 83.1 (6.89) | 82.6 (7.32) | 79.5 (7.13) |
| Fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 80.6 (6.99) | 82.1 (6.14) | 83.7 (7.20) | 80.1 (6.50) |
| 1-h plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 123.2 (28.99) | 131.7 (27.24) | 135.6 (33.88) | 148.0 (30.92) |
| 2-h plasma glucose (mg/dL) | 109.4 (22.51) | 111.0 (20.34) | 110.5 (23.03) | 118.5 (23.92) |
| Insulin sensitivity | 4.1 (1.73) | 3.7 (1.44) | 3.1 (1.20) | 4.0 (1.45) |
| Newborn characteristics, mean (SD) | ||||
| Gestational age at OGTT (weeks) | 27.1 (1.84) | 28.6 (1.37) | 26.9 (2.10) | 28.1 (1.85) |
| Gestational age at delivery (weeks) | 39.8 (1.21) | 40.2 (1.15) | 39.7 (1.14) | 39.4 (1.26) |
| Cord C-peptide (μg/L) | 1.0 (0.59) | 1.1 (0.56) | 1.1 (0.55) | 1.0 (0.50) |
| Birth weight (g) | 3,250.8 (440.34) | 3,667.6 (485.28) | 3,555.2 (444.09) | 3,148.2 (373.52) |
| SSF (mm) | 11.6 (1.82) | 12.8 (2.74) | 14.2 (3.06) | 11.6 (2.34) |
| Sample storage time (years) | 12.1 (1.19) | 9.7 (1.26) | 11.7 (1.60) | 11.2 (0.93) |