Table 2.
Associations of maternal phenotypes with newborn cord metabolites
| Metabolite | Afro-Caribbean |
Northern European |
Mexican American |
Thai |
Meta-analysis |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | β (SE) | P | Q | Q test P | I2 | |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | |||||||||||||
| AC C4/Ci4 | 0.0068 (0.0029) | 1.88e-01 | 0.0094 (0.0036) | 1.53e-01 | 0.0087 (0.0034) | 6.70e-02 | 0.0092 (0.0043) | 4.58e-01 | 0.0083 (0.0017) | 7.87e-05 | 0.41 | 9.74e-01 | 0.00 |
| AC C3 | 0.0097 (0.0033) | 6.50e-02 | 0.0092 (0.0036) | 1.53e-01 | 0.0102 (0.0036) | 5.75e-02 | 0.0031 (0.0047) | 8.31e-01 | 0.0087 (0.0019) | 8.02e-05 | 1.74 | 9.74e-01 | 0.00 |
| Valine | 0.5220 (0.2879) | 3.07e-01 | 1.1494 (0.2904) | 4.85e-03 | 1.3943 (0.4481) | 4.63e-02 | 1.5170 (0.4632) | 3.10e-02 | 1.0638 (0.2356) | 1.14e-04 | 5.04 | 9.74e-01 | 42.21 |
| Phenylalanine | 0.2088 (0.0913) | 1.93e-01 | 0.1583 (0.1115) | 6.37e-01 | 0.3906 (0.1292) | 4.63e-02 | 0.2347 (0.1353) | 6.45e-01 | 0.2350 (0.0563) | 4.11e-04 | 2.00 | 9.74e-01 | 0.00 |
| AC C5 | 0.0083 (0.0046) | 3.07e-01 | 0.0102 (0.0049) | 4.31e-01 | 0.0151 (0.0056) | 6.25e-02 | 0.0026 (0.0072) | 8.91e-01 | 0.0096 (0.0027) | 3.42e-03 | 2.01 | 9.74e-01 | 0.00 |
| Leucine/isoleucine | 0.3236 (0.2351) | 5.76e-01 | 0.6703 (0.2381) | 1.38e-01 | 1.4162 (0.3587) | 4.87e-03 | 1.2310 (0.3494) | 2.58e-02 | 0.8534 (0.2504) | 5.87e-03 | 8.75 | 5.92e-01 | 66.95 |
| Maternal insulin sensitivity | |||||||||||||
| AC C4/Ci4 | −0.0345 (0.0100) | 1.07e-02 | −0.0189 (0.0133) | 5.04e-01 | −0.0319 (0.0140) | 1.51e-01 | −0.0192 (0.0108) | 7.34e-01 | −0.0266 (0.0058) | 2.95e-04 | 1.56 | 8.52e-01 | 0.00 |
| AC C3 | −0.0417 (0.0116) | 1.07e-02 | −0.0223 (0.0135) | 5.04e-01 | −0.0360 (0.0148) | 1.35e-01 | −0.0122 (0.0117) | 8.88e-01 | −0.0277 (0.0073) | 4.28e-03 | 3.66 | 8.11e-01 | 23.81 |
| AC C5-DC | −0.0262 (0.0108) | 8.69e-02 | −0.0227 (0.0107) | 4.92e-01 | −0.0142 (0.0138) | 7.45e-01 | −0.0164 (0.0113) | 7.34e-01 | −0.0206 (0.0057) | 5.98e-03 | 0.67 | 9.15e-01 | 0.00 |
| Leucine/isoleucine | −1.8664 (0.8205) | 1.20e-01 | −0.9002 (0.8902) | 5.28e-01 | −4.7055 (1.4966) | 9.32e-02 | −1.1477 (0.8891) | 7.34e-01 | −1.7003 (0.5081) | 1.10e-02 | 5.26 | 8.11e-01 | 11.45 |
| AC C5 | −0.0507 (0.0158) | 1.77e-02 | −0.0301 (0.0183) | 5.04e-01 | −0.0595 (0.0231) | 1.27e-01 | −0.0084 (0.0180) | 9.32e-01 | −0.0361 (0.0111) | 1.27e-02 | 4.35 | 8.11e-01 | 30.77 |
| Valine | −2.5728 (1.0051) | 7.91e-02 | −0.9247 (1.0969) | 5.60e-01 | −3.3397 (1.8725) | 3.56e-01 | −1.1046 (1.1772) | 8.88e-01 | −1.7911 (0.5947) | 2.34e-02 | 2.25 | 8.11e-01 | 0.00 |
| AC C2 | −0.0208 (0.0108) | 1.77e-01 | −0.0163 (0.0114) | 5.04e-01 | −0.0374 (0.0129) | 1.05e-01 | 0.0012 (0.0140) | 9.55e-01 | −0.0189 (0.0068) | 4.10e-02 | 4.19 | 8.11e-01 | 20.04 |
| AC C4-OH | −0.0469 (0.0235) | 1.77e-01 | −0.0351 (0.0272) | 5.05e-01 | −0.0765 (0.0304) | 1.27e-01 | 0.0024 (0.0286) | 9.55e-01 | −0.0388 (0.0144) | 4.90e-02 | 3.75 | 8.11e-01 | 11.75 |
| Glycerol | −0.0311 (0.0088) | 1.07e-02 | −0.0096 (0.0104) | 5.39e-01 | 0.0058 (0.0115) | 8.56e-01 | −0.0104 (0.0084) | 7.34e-01 | −0.0123 (0.0075) | 2.11e-01 | 7.08 | 8.11e-01 | 57.81 |
| Asparagine/aspartic acid | −0.5692 (0.1804) | 1.77e-02 | 0.0927 (0.2923) | 8.45e-01 | 0.0153 (0.3053) | 9.79e-01 | 0.1517 (0.2173) | 8.88e-01 | −0.1104 (0.1928) | 6.33e-01 | 8.26 | 8.11e-01 | 60.58 |
| Maternal fasting glucose (mg/dL) | |||||||||||||
| AC C4-OH | 0.0034 (0.0059) | 9.42e-01 | 0.0063 (0.0064) | 6.95e-01 | 0.0183 (0.0051) | 1.93e-02 | −0.0016 (0.0064) | 8.62e-01 | 0.0071 (0.0045) | 6.06e-01 | 7.05 | 7.75e-01 | 56.45 |
| Maternal 1-h glucose (mg/dL) | |||||||||||||
| 3-Hydroxybutyrate | 0.0052 (0.0018) | 1.14e-01 | 0.0043 (0.0018) | 3.72e-01 | 0.0041 (0.0014) | 1.13e-01 | 0.0029 (0.0017) | 3.84e-01 | 0.0041 (0.0008) | 4.10e-05 | 0.85 | 9.93e-01 | 0.00 |
| AC C4-OH | 0.0033 (0.0014) | 4.25e-01 | 0.0022 (0.0014) | 3.72e-01 | 0.0032 (0.0010) | 1.13e-01 | 0.0023 (0.0013) | 3.84e-01 | 0.0028 (0.0006) | 2.85e-04 | 0.60 | 9.93e-01 | 0.00 |
| AC C10-OH/C8-DC | 0.0013 (0.0012) | 7.46e-01 | 0.0017 (0.0009) | 3.72e-01 | 0.0016 (0.0008) | 5.11e-01 | 0.0016 (0.0008) | 3.84e-01 | 0.0016 (0.0004) | 5.59e-03 | 0.10 | 9.93e-01 | 0.00 |
| Glycerol | 0.0011 (0.0005) | 6.28e-01 | 0.0006 (0.0005) | 5.06e-01 | 0.0007 (0.0004) | 5.88e-01 | 0.0007 (0.0004) | 3.84e-01 | 0.0007 (0.0002) | 1.04e-02 | 0.46 | 9.93e-01 | 0.00 |
All amino acids and acylcarnitines, as well as 3-hydroxybutyrate, are measured in µmol/L. Glycerol is measured in mg/dL. Both ancestry-specific and meta-analysis P values represent the P value after FDR adjustment.