Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Crit Care. 2017 Feb 15;39:143–148. doi: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2017.02.013

Table 3.

Sensitivity, specificity, positive, and negative predictive value of the various consistencies used in the BSEa and the 3-WSTbc

Consistency Sensitivity
(95% CI)		 Specificity
(95% CI)		 Positive Predictive Value
(95% CI)		 Negative Predictive Value
(95% CI)		 AUC
Ice 62% (36–82%) 85% (68−94%) 67% (39−86%) 82% (64−92%) 0.73
Puree 64% (39–84%) 93% (77−98%) 82% (52−95%) 83% (66−93%) 0.78
Nectar-thick 73% (43–90%) 74% (51−88%) 62% (36−82%) 82% (59−94%) 0.73
Thin 64% (39–84%) 68% (50−81%) 47% (27−68%) 81% (62−92%) 0.66
Solid 25% (7−59%) 82% (64−92%) 29% (8−64%) 79% (62−90%) 0.54
3-WST 77% (50−92%) 65% (47−79%) 48% (28−68%) 87% (68−96%) 0.71
a

BSE = bedside swallowing evaluation

b

3-WST = 3-ounce water swallowing test

c

Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) was used as the gold standard