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Tensile strength induces the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in PDLCs. The concentrations of IL-1β and TNF-α induced by tensile strength in PDLCs cultured in Bioflex culture medium for 12, 24 or 48 h were determined by ELISA. Data are expressed as the mean ± standard deviation (n=3). PDLCs, periodontal ligament cells; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α.
