Table 2.
Effects of protein and leucine ingestion on arterial plasma glucose, insulin, NEFA, and amino acid concentrations
| Protein group |
Leucine group |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Protein | Control | Leucine | |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 5.13 ± 0.05 | 5.15 ± 0.06 | 5.34 ± 0.13 | 5.27 ± 0.09 |
| Clamp | 5.65 ± 0.05* | 5.65 ± 0.06* | 5.57 ± 0.05* | 5.56 ± 0.04* |
| Insulin (pmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 48 ± 8 | 44 ± 6 | 40 ± 5 | 40 ± 5 |
| Clamp | 404 ± 28* | 459 ± 33*† | 380 ± 31* | 386 ± 23*‡ |
| NEFAs (μmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 667 ± 55 | 758 ± 56 | 742 ± 35 | 684 ± 30 |
| Clamp | 63 ± 8* | 73 ± 11* | 68 ± 12* | 63 ± 15* |
| Leucine (µmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 113 ± 4 | 120 ± 3 | 116 ± 5 | 114 ± 5 |
| Clamp | 63 ± 5* | 222 ± 13*† | 62 ± 4* | 236 ± 16*† |
| Valine (µmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 210 ± 8 | 223 ± 5 | 206 ± 7 | 204 ± 8 |
| Clamp | 151 ± 9* | 297 ± 10*† | 148 ± 7* | 104 ± 7*†‡ |
| Total branched-chain amino acids (µmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 373 ± 13 | 396 ± 9 | 367 ± 11 | 362 ± 14 |
| Clamp | 239 ± 15* | 647 ± 27*† | 231 ± 11* | 351 ± 21†‡ |
| Essential amino acids (µmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 836 ± 31 | 868 ± 26 | 799 ± 28 | 795 ± 30 |
| Clamp | 593 ± 32* | 1,403 ± 56*† | 575 ± 24* | 684 ± 28*†‡ |
| Nonessential amino acids (µmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 933 ± 33 | 940 ± 35 | 902 ± 29 | 938 ± 24 |
| Clamp | 737 ± 28* | 1,037 ± 31*† | 762 ± 25* | 764 ± 45*‡ |
| Total amino acids (µmol/L) | ||||
| Basal | 1,770 ± 62 | 1,808 ± 56 | 1,700 ± 48 | 1,733 ± 47 |
| Clamp | 1,330 ± 58* | 2,440 ± 82*† | 1,337 ± 42* | 1,448 ± 63*†‡ |
Values are mean ± SEM.
*Value is significantly different from the corresponding basal value (P < 0.01).
†Value is significantly different from the corresponding control values (P < 0.01).
‡Value is significantly different from the corresponding value in the protein group (P < 0.01).