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. 2017 Jul;69(3):298–315. doi: 10.1124/pr.117.013904

Fig. 7.

Fig. 7.

Isosterism as a design strategy for cocaine haptens. In contrast to heroin vaccine efficacy, cocaine vaccine efficacy benefitted from increased hapten stability through amide isosteric replacement (Carrera et al., 1995, 2001; Fox et al., 1996; Cai et al., 2013).