Table 3.

Human laboratory tests for negative emotional states.

Negative emotionality
Negative emotional states	Measure	Reference	Time to complete	Type of task
Neuroclinical: anhedonia, hypohedonia, and dysphoria	Approach Avoidance Task	Heuer et al.115	10 min	Behavioral
	Two-step Task (model-free model-based)	Sebold et al.116	15 min	Behavioral
	Beck Depression Inventory	Beck et al.117	5 min	Self-report
	Fawcett-Clark Pleasure Scale	Fawcett et al.107	5 min	Self-report
Neuroclinical: anxiety, stress reactivity, and irritability	Cyberball	Williams and Jarvis118	10 min	Behavioral
	Trier Social Stress Test	Kirschbaum et al.119	20 min	Behavioral
	Buss-Durkee Hostility Inventory	Buss and Durkee120	15 min	Self-report
Neuroclinical: pain and hyperkatifeia	Cold Pressor Task	Lovallo121	10 min	Behavioral
	Toronto Alexithymia Scale	Bagby et al.108	5 min	Self-report
	Facial Emotion Matching Task	Hariri et al.122	10 min	Neuroimaging
Neuroclinical: malaise, sleep disturbances, and arousal	Malaise Inventory	Rodgers et al.123	5 min	Self-report
	Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index	Buysse et al.124	5 min	Self-report
	Behavioral Activation System	Carver and White125	5 min	Self-report