Table 1.
Characteristics of the Samples
| WLSG | WLSS | HRS | NHATS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||||||
| Variables | M/% | SD | M/% | SD | M/% | SD | M/% | SD |
| Age (Years) | 71.18 | 0.90 | 71.74 | 4.94 | 74.04 | 6.82 | 78.94 | 7.26 |
| Sex (% women) | 54% | - | 53% | - | 55% | - | 56% | - |
| Race (% black) | - | - | - | - | 9% | - | 17% | - |
| Ethnicity (% hispanic) | - | - | - | - | 5% | - | 4% | - |
| Education1 | 13.87 | 2.40 | 14.08 | 2.60 | 12.67 | 2.93 | 5.41 | 2.26 |
| Frailty2 | 0.00 | 2.05 | 0.00 | 2.16 | 0.00 | 2.30 | 0.43 | 1.922 |
| Neuroticism3 | 3.01 | 0.92 | 3.01 | 0.93 | 1.99 | 0.57 | 2.19 | 0.83 |
| Extraversion3 | 3.80 | 0.86 | 3.76 | 0.88 | 3.22 | 0.53 | 3.17 | 0.73 |
| Openness3 | 3.46 | 0.76 | 3.45 | 0.73 | 2.92 | 0.53 | 2.86 | 0.80 |
| Agreeableness3 | 4.81 | 0.71 | 4.82 | 0.70 | 3.53 | 0.46 | 3.59 | 0.50 |
| Conscientiousness3 | 4.76 | 0.70 | 4.73 | 0.72 | 3.35 | 0.46 | 3.27 | 0.69 |
Note. WLSG: N= 4138; WLSS: N= 1696; HRS: N= 3117; NHATS: N= 2026
1
Education was reported in years in the WLS and the HRS, whereas it was measured on a scale ranging from 1 (No schooling completed) to 9 (Master’s, professional or doctoral degree) in the NHATS
2
Sum of z-scores of walking speed, grip strength, BMI, and fatigue. A yes (1) or no (0) format was used in the NHATS for the measure of fatigue, and added to the z-scores of the other components.
3
Personality was assessed using a 6-point rating scale in the WLSG and WLSS, and a 4-point scale in the HRS and the NHATS