Maps illustrate inverse correlation of (A) population density in Indonesia (courtesy of Malaria Atlas Project, University of Oxford, UK and the Ministry of Health, Republic of Indonesia) with (B) risk of malaria (reproduced with permission from Elyazar, I.R.F., Getting, P.W., Patil, A.P., Rogayah, H., Sariwati, E., Palupi, N.W., Tarmizi, S.N., Kusriastuti, R., Baird, J.K., Hay, S.I., 2012. Plasmodium vivax malaria endemicity in Indonesia in 2010. PLoS One 7(5) e37325. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037325). The sparsely populated outer islands of the Indonesian archipelago are dominated by stable prevalent Plasmodium vivax (and Plasmodium falciparum (not shown)). The islands of Java and Bali are home to 150 million of Indonesia’s 250 million citizens, and have no stable prevalent malaria transmission.