Table 1.
Characteristics of included cohort studies that reported associations between atrial fibrillation (AF) and death or cardiovascular events in men and women
| Study | Location | Baseline year(s) | AF ascertainment | Total No (with AF) | No of women | Age (years) | Follow-up (years) | No of individuals at baseline with | Maximum adjustment available | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IHD | Stroke | HF | |||||||||
| Andersson 201426 | Sweden | 1995-2008 | Medical records | 21 987 (9519) | 6816 | 59 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Matched by sex, adjusted for age, comorbidities excluded |
| Bejot et al, 200927 | France | 1985-2006 | ECG | 3064 (572) | 1615 | 75 | 2.0 | 620 | 3064 | NA | Age |
| Benjamin 19985 | US | 1948 | ECG | 1863 (621) | 975 | 75 | 25.6 | 252 | 213 | 201 | Age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, ECG left ventricular hypertrophy, vascular disease |
| Bouzas-Mosquera et al, 201028 | Spain | 1995-2008 | ECG | 17 100 (619) | 6999 | 64 | 6.5 | 2963 | NA | NA | Age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking habit, family history of CAD, MI, PCI, CABG, angina, LBBB, medication, chest pain, exercise ECG, METs, peak SBP, heart rate |
| Chamberlain et al, 201129 | US | 1983-2006 | ECG and medical records | 1664 (553) | 905 | 76 | 4.0 | 353 | NA | 1664 | Age, BMI, year of heart failure diagnosis, smoking status, derived NYHA class, estimated glomerular filtration rate, anaemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, COPD, MI, medication |
| Chao 201210 | Taiwan | 2000-09 | Medical records | 9119 (829) | 3520 | 45 | 4.8 | NA | NA | NA | Age, dyslipidaemia, CKD, asthma, malignancy, liver cirrhosis, autoimmune diseases (stepwise regression) |
| Chen 201330 | US | 1989 | ECG and medical records | 20 918 (2352) | 11 713 | 59 | 13.1 | 1786 | NA | 927 | Age, race, field centre, heart rate, smoking status, BMI, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease |
| D’Agostino 199431 | US | 1948 | ECG | 5734 (140) | 3362 | 66 | 10 | NA | 0 | NA | Age, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive therapy, cardiovascular disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, cigarettes, diabetes |
| Friberg 200411 | Denmark | 1976-78 | ECG | 29 310 (276) | 16 314 | 58 | 4.70 | 763 | 0 | NA | Age, arterial hypertension, SBP, diabetes, myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, smoking, FEV1 |
| Genovesi et al, 200932 | Italy | 2003-06 | ECG | 476 (127) | 199 | NA | 3.0 | 112 | NA | 45 | Age, ischaemic heart disease, diabetes |
| Guize 200725 | France | 1972-1988 | ECG | 154 070 (298) | 55 109 | 51 | 15.2 | NA | NA | NA | Age, cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, blood pressure, cholesterol, glycaemia, BMI, smoking, alcohol, vital capacity |
| Hamaguchi 200913 | Japan | 2004-05 | ECG | 2659 (937) | 1069 | 71 | 2.4 | 851 | 399 | 2659 | Age, cause of heart failure, medical history, serum creatinine, haemoglobin and BNP levels, LVEF, medication use |
| Hermann et al, 201333 | Germany | 2000-03 | ECG | 4180 (52) | 2212 | 59.2 | 7.9 | 0 | 0 | 0 | Age, systolic blood pressure, LDL and HDL cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, and smoking |
| Hippisley-Cox et al, 201034 | UK | 1994-2010 | Medical records | 2 343 759 (12 031) | 1 189 845 | 48.1 | 7.0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | BMI, SBP, cholesterol, deprivation, ethnic group, family history of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, treated hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, atrial fibrillation, chronic renal disease (age used as underlying time variable) |
| Hippisley-Cox 201324 | England and Wales | 1998-2012 | Medical records | 3 549 478 (15 371) | 1 801 370 | 45 | 7 | 99 561 | 0 | 16 294 | Age, BMI, BP, cholesterol, deprivation, smoking, ethnicity, vascular disease, other comorbidities |
| Hippisley-Cox et al, 201535 | UK | 1998-2014 | Medical records | 437 806 (13 953) | 192 896 | 60 | NA | NA | NA | 0 | Age, cholesterol/HDL ratio, deprivation, duration of diabetes, smoking status, ethnicity, type 1 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, chronic renal disease |
| Iwahana 201136 | Japan | 1992-95 | ECG | 10 929 (54) | 6782 | 56 | 10.7 | NA | 0 | NA | Area, age, smoking, drinking status, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, diabetes mellitus |
| Kaarisalo 199737 | Finland | 1983-92 | ECG and medical records | 2635 (767) | 1880 | 82 | 1 | 457 | 2635 | NA | Age, recent MI, previous MI, hypertension |
| Nakayama 199738 | Japan | 1977 | ECG | 2302 (NA) | 1341 | NA | 15.5 | NA | 0 | NA | Age, BP, cholesterol, haematocrit, BMI, ECG abnormality, albumin, glucose, optic fundus, cigarettes, alcohol, physical activity, IHD |
| Ohsawa 200739 | Japan | 1980 | ECG | 9483 (60) | 5329 | 51 | 19 | NA | 0 | NA | Age, BMI, SBP, glucose, cholesterol, history of valvular heart disease, left ventricular hypertrophy, alcohol, smoking |
| Ruigomez et al. 2002 40 | UK | 1996 | Medical records | 6035 (1035) | NA | NA | 2 | NA | NA | NA | Age, smoking, diabetes, heart failure, ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, cerebrovascular disease |
| Saposnik et al, 201141 | Canada | 2002-04 | Medical records | 8223 (1405) | 3901 | 72 | 1 | 1936 | 8223 | 734 | Age, sex, severe stroke, nonlacunar stroke subtype, glucose, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, cancer, dementia, dialysis, dependency before stroke |
| Siontis et al, 201442 | US | 1975-2012 | ECG and medical records | 3673 (650) | 1661 | 55 | 4.1 | NA | NA | NA | Age, sex, FHx SCD, NYHA class III/IV, obstructive phenotype, aspirin/warfarin |
| Soliman et al, 201443 | US | 2003-07 | ECG and self-reported history | 23 928 (1631) | 13 937 | 64 | 4.5 | 0 | NA | NA | Age, race, region, education, income, cholesterol, smoking, SBP, BMI, diabetes, medication, and history of noncardiac vascular disease, eGFR, CRP, albumin |
| Soliman et al, 201544 | US | 1987-89 | ECG and medical records | 14 462 (1545) | 8172 | 54 | 21.6 | 0 | 249 | 71 | Age, race, study field centre, education, income, cholesterol, smoking status, SBP, BMI, diabetes, eGFR, cardiovascular disease, medication use |
| Stewart et al, 200212 | Scotland | 1972-76 | ECG | 15 406 (100) | 8354 | 54 | 20 | NA | 197 | NA | Age, stroke, chest pain, cholesterol, DBP, cardiothoracic ratio, glucose, FEV1, bronchitis, Q waves, ST segment, LBBB |
| Stortecky et al, 201314 | Switzerland | 2007-11 | Continuous monitor | 389 (131) | 224 | 83 | 1 | 238 | 30 | 364 | Age, BMI, hypertension, diabetes, medical history, symptoms, cardiovascular risk (stepwise regression) |
| van Wijk et al, 200745 | Netherlands | 1986-93 | ECG | 2659 (186) | 946 | 66 | 10.1 | 277 | 2659 | NA | Age, hypertension, smoking, diabetes, Rankin scale, any infarct, white matter lesion on CT scan |
| Wolf et al, 199818 | US | 1989 | Medical records | 26 753 (13 558) | 14 416 | NA | 3 | NA | NA | NA | Matched for age and sex, adjusted for AMI, unstable angina, stable angina, heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, valvular disease, stroke, COPD |
| Wolfe et al, 200646 | UK and Barbados | 1995-2003 | NA | 848 (64) | 464 | 69.6 | 1.7 | 94 | 848 | NA | Age, Barbados resident, living alone, Bathel score, smoking, alcohol, IHD untreated and treated, hypertension untreated and treated, diabetes, TIA untreated and treated, incontinence, swallow test, hospital admission |
NA=not available, ECG=electrocardiogram, CKD=chronic kidney disease, BP=blood pressure, BMI=body mass index, SBP=systolic blood pressure, DBP=diastolic blood pressure, eGFR=estimated glomerular filtration rate, CRP=C reactive protein, LBBB=left bundle branch block, AMI=acute myocardial infarction, COPD=chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV1=forced expiratory volume, LVEF=left ventricular ejection fraction, BNP=B type natriuretic peptide, NYHA=New York Heart Association, IHD=ischaemic heart disease.