Table 2. Parent-adolescent report of internalizing/externalizing problems in different sociodemographic groups.
| N(%) | Original score for Internalizing problems | Original score for Externalizing problems | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Parental report | Adolescent report | P value# | Parental report | Adolescent report | P value# | ||
| Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||||
| Sex of the child | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Male | 702(49.72) | 6.64(6.72) | 10.83(8.25) | 6.41(6.31) | 10.20(7.14) | ||
| Female | 710(50.28) | 8.06(7.61) | 14.40(9.68) | 5.85(6.14) | 9.41(6.82) | ||
| Age | |||||||
| Paternal age | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Paternal age >50 | 143(10.85) | 6.95(6.99) | 14.73(10.20) | 5.84(6.10) | 10.50(6.96) | ||
| Paternal age < = 50 | 1175(89.15) | 7.37(7.22) | 12.30(8.96) | 6.08(6.21) | 9.66(6.93) | ||
| Maternal age | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Maternal age >45 | 265(19.73) | 7.17(7.43) | 14.61(9.69) | 6.26(6.62) | 10.62(6.79) | ||
| Maternal age < = 45 | 1078(80.27) | 7.35(7.16) | 12.08(8.94) | 5.97(6.03) | 9.52(6.94) | ||
| Parental marital status | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Married | 1229(88.48) | 7.11(7.11) | 12.37(9.00) | 5.81(6.04) | 9.55(6.88) | ||
| Not married | 160(11.52) | 9.14(7.73) | 14.26(10.20) | 8.32(6.98) | 11.47(7.69) | ||
| Sibship size | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Single child | 124(8.88) | 7.80(7.32) | 12.65(9.73) | 6.80(6.83) | 10.45(7.90) | ||
| Two | 692(49.57) | 7.00(6.83) | 11.88(9.04) | 5.68(5.88) | 9.46(6.97) | ||
| Three or more | 580(41.55) | 7.67(7.61) | 13.42(9.10) | 6.47(6.43) | 10.00(6.76) | ||
| Paternal educational attainment | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Some high school or lower | 319(24.26) | 8.64(7.49) | 13.43(9.50) | 7.46(6.73) | 10.29(7.44) | ||
| High school graduate | 435(33.08) | 7.46(7.26) | 12.27(8.80) | 6.30(6.21) | 9.69(6.62) | ||
| Some college | 255(19.39) | 7.13(7.58) | 12.38(9.05) | 5.52(5.61) | 9.85(7.09) | ||
| College degree or higher | 306(23.27) | 5.85(6.04) | 12.18(9.25) | 4.47(5.52) | 9.11(6.83) | ||
| Parental psychopathology | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| Yes (CHQ> = 4) | 226(16.12) | 11.09(8.26) | 14.73(10.40) | 8.33(6.78) | 11.19(7.89) | ||
| No (CHQ<4) | 1176(83.88) | 6.64(6.78) | 12.18(8.83) | 5.69(6.03) | 9.48(6.74) | ||
| Maternal bonding | |||||||
| Care | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| High care+ | 703(49.79) | 6.66(6.47) | 11.16(8.57) | 5.23(5.49) | 8.43(6.43) | ||
| Low care++ | 685(49.35) | 8.04(7.89) | 14.19(9.55) | 7.02(6.81) | 11.24(7.27) | ||
| Overprotection | < .0001 | < .0001 | |||||
| High overprotection+ | 683(48.37) | 7.34(6.97) | 12.78(9.35) | 6.06(5.93) | 9.79(6.98) | ||
| Low overprotection++ | 700(50.61) | 7.41(7.52) | 12.54(9.06) | 6.23(6.57) | 9.84(7.05) | ||
# Mixed-model ANOVAs were used to test for mean differences between the corresponding original scores of the CBCL and YSR subscales.
+ above mean,
++ mean or lower
Notes: missing values—Paternal age, N = 94; Maternal age, N = 69; Parental Marital status, N = 23; Sibship size, N = 16; Paternal educational attainment, N = 97; Parental psychopathology, N = 10; Care, N = 24; Overprotection, N = 29
Bonferroni correction was used to decrease the possibility of false positives. The significance level was set at 0.0028 (i.e. 0.05/18 = 0.0028).