Table 1. Details of included studies.
Authors | Year | Country | Participants | QA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Who | N | Age (mean) | MM | Recruited from | ||||
Tran, Barnes et al.[24] | 2015 | 34 diffe-rent | Adult participants with at least one chronic condition | 1053 | 35–57 (47) | 63% | 34 different mainly Western countries through the internet | 27 |
Sav et al.[25] | 2013 | Australia | People with chronic conditions and their unpaid carers | 85 | 16–83 (57) | 88% | Four culturally and geographically diverse districts | 28 |
Noël et al.[26] | 2004 | US | Patients having two or more chronic illnesses | 60 | 30–89 | 100% | Eight primary care clinics within the Veterans Health Administration—Four in large urban metropolitan settings, four in rural communities | 24,5 |
Eton et al.[27] | 2015 | US | 1st round: Patients with one or more chronic condition and complex self-care 2nd round: Diabetic, heart failure and kidney failure patients |
50 | 25–85 (56) | 98% | Mayo Clinic Rochester (specialized treatment) and Hennepin County Medical Center Minneapolis (large safety-net hospital) | 28,5 |
Ridgeway et al. [28] | 28,5 | |||||||
Gallacher et al.[29] | 2011 | UK | Patients with chronic heart failure and comorbidities | 47 | 45–88 (73) | 100% | Primary care | 25 |
Kahn et al.[30] | 2014 | US | Low income US primary care patients with chronic kidney disease | 34 | (62) | >94% | Two primary care (safety net) practices in Buffalo, a low-income African-American area which constitutes a”Health Professional Shortage Area” | 26,5 |
Tran, Montory et al.[31] | 2012 | France | Patients with at least one chronic condition | 22 | 53–76 (70) | NA | Department of internal medicine of a French hospital and a general practitioner clinic in Paris | 27,5 |
Bayliss et al.[32] | 2003 | US | Adults with two or more self-reported conditions | 16 | 31–70+ (61) | 100% | Urban family practices in the Carenet network (serving disadvantaged populations) in Denver, Colorado | 26 |
MM = Proportion of participants with multimorbidity in %. QA = Quality assessment score. Maximum score 29 [23].