Table 3.

Parent–Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC) Scores Comparing SEEK^* and Control Maternal Parenting Behaviors Initially and at 6 and 12 Months

CTSPC Scale	Time Point	Mean (SD)† n		Standardized B est.‡, §	95% CI	P
		SEEK	Control
Psychological Aggression	Initialk‖	6.2 (10.0), 577	7.8 (11.4), 506	−0.16¶	−0.27, −0.05¶	.006 ¶
	6 months	5.4 (8.6), 495	6.1 (8.5), 408	−0.06¶	−0.18, 0.06	.306
	12 months	5.7 (8.0), 488	7.0 (9.3), 406	−0.12¶	−0.24, −0.002¶	.047¶
Minor Physical Assault	Initial‖	2.7 (6.7), 583	3.4 (6.8), 502	−0.16¶	−0.29, −0.03¶	.019¶
	6 months	1.8 (4.6), 493	1.9 (4.6), 406	−0.08	−0.22, 0.05	.245
	12 months	2.1 (4.7), 487	2.6 (5.6), 410	−0.14¶	−0.28, −0.005¶	.043¶

^*SEEK = Safe Environment for Every Kid; CI = confidence interval.

^†Data represent raw number of incidents within the past year (initially) or 6 months (6- and 12-month waves). Higher numbers represent more incidents of child maltreatment within the past year (at Initial) or the past 6 months (at 6 and 12 months).

^‡Standardized B estimates reflect mean differences between the groups in standard deviation units. Negative Standardized B estimates indicate that mothers in the SEEK group reported lower rates of that behavior than controls. Standardized B estimates are interpretable as effect sizes. For example, initial self-reports of Psychological Aggression by SEEK mothers were, on average, 0.16 standard deviations lower than those reported by control mothers.

^§Models are multivariate analyses that control for family income, mother’s marital status and education, child’s ethnicity and age, and the random effects of participant and practice.

^‖Initial differences represent an early effect of SEEK, not a baseline.

^¶Statistical significance.