Table 2. Inner diameters of the capillary vessels at probe-based confocal laser endomicroscopy.

		Inner diameters of the capillary vessels
		Beneath the epithelium			In the middle of the villi
Patient number	Final diagnosis	Mean ± SD, mm	Compared with four controls	P value	Mean ± SD, mm	Compared with four controls	P value
Small-bowel tumors/polyps
1	Malignant lymphoma (mantle cell lymphoma)	13.6 ± 5.5	n.s.		12.9 ± 1.7	Smaller	0.0420
2	Malignant lymphoma (follicular lymphoma)	10.3 ± 2.2	Smaller	< 0.0001	12.3 ± 4.1	Smaller	0.0279
3	Malignant lymphoma (follicular lymphoma)	12.4 ± 2.4	Smaller	< 0.0001	11.1 ± 4.4	Smaller	0.0055
4	Malignant lymphoma (DLBCL transformed from follicular lymphoma)	n.d.			23.7 ± 11.0	Larger	0.0004
5	Malignant lymphoma (DLBCL transformed from follicular lymphoma)	15.0 ± 3.2	n.s.		21.9 ± 6.9	Larger	< 0.0001
6	Malignant lymphoma (DLBCL)	13.7 ± 3.6	Smaller	0.0148	25.2 ± 8.0	Larger	< 0.0001
7	Malignant lymphoma (Burkitt lymphoma) 1	18.3 ± 5.0	n.s.		24.6 ± 5.6	Larger	< 0.0001
8	Adenocarcinoma at an advanced stage	n.d.			26.0 ± 10.1	Larger	< 0.0001
9	Metastasis from cervical cancer	17.4 ± 5.7	n.s.		31.0 ± 14.9	Larger	< 0.0001
10	Peutz-Jeghers syndrome	15.5 ± 3.8	n.s.		18.2 ± 4.6	Larger	0.0040
Vascular diseases
11	Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia	17.3 ± 5.3	n.s.		26.0 ± 12.9	Larger	< 0.0001
12	Angiodysplasia	21.7 ± 4.5	Larger	< 0.0001	13.4 ± 9.7	n.s.
13	IgA vasculitis	12.3 ± 5.1	Smaller	0.0098	11.5 ± 3.1	Smaller	0.0040
14	Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis	15.2 ± 2.4	n.s.		15.9 ± 6.9	n.s.
15	Ischemic stricturing enteritis	19.3 ± 3.2	Larger	0.0007	18.1 ± 5.1	Larger	0.0165
16	Ischemic stricturing enteritis	16.1 ± 2.3	n.s.		24.0 ± 7.4	Larger	< 0.0001
Inflammatory diseases
17	Crohn’s disease	13.3 ± 2.6	Smaller	0.0012	14.7 ± 2.9	n.s.
18	Crohn’s disease	10.9 ± 2.1	Smaller	< 0.0001	13.6 ± 4.2	n.s.
19	Crohn’s disease	13.9 ± 2.7	Smaller	0.0078	16.1 ± 6.4	n.s.
20	Chronic non-specific multiple ulcers unrelated to NSAIDs	15.8 ± 3.3	n.s.		16.8 ± 4.5	n.s.
21	Chronic non-specific multiple ulcers unrelated to NSAIDs	12.4 ± 4.9	Smaller	0.0024	14.7 ± 4.4	n.s.
22	Chronic non-specific multiple ulcers unrelated to NSAIDs	13.1 ± 3.9	Smaller	0.0053	14.9 ± 5.8	n.s.
23	Chronic non-specific multiple ulcers unrelated to NSAIDs	12.3 ± 2.9	Smaller	< 0.0001	16.0 ± 5.3	n.s.
24	Chronic non-specific multiple ulcers unrelated to NSAIDs	13.5 ± 2.6	Smaller	0.0020	13.3 ± 3.2	n.s.
25	Hypogammaglobulinemia-associated atrophic enteritis with malabsorption syndrome	10.9 ± 2.5	Smaller	< 0.0001	14.0 ± 2.8	n.s.
Iatrogenic diseases
26	Aspirin-induced small-intestinal injury	17.1 ± 3.8	n.s.		13.4 ± 2.2	n.s.
27	Diclofenac-induced small-intestinal injury	17.3 ± 3.1	n.s.		17.6 ± 4.5	Larger	0.0082
28	Loxoprofen-induced small-intestinal injury	12.7 ± 2.3	Smaller	0.0001	15.1 ± 4.6	n.s.
29	Clonazepam-induced small-intestinal injury with protein-losing enteropathy	15.0 ± 4.2	n.s.		17.4 ± 3.8	Larger	0.0100
Other small-bowel diseases
30	Intestinal lymphangiectasia with protein-losing enteropathy	14.0 ± 3.2	Smaller	0.0073	15.9 ± 4.0	n.s.
31	Intestinal lymphangiectasia with protein-losing enteropathy	14.4 ± 5.1	Smaller	0.0168	19.8 ± 9.9	n.s.
32	Intestinal lymphangiectasia with protein-losing enteropathy	17.4 ± 2.0	n.s.		20.1 ± 8.0	Larger	0.0075
33	Meckel’s diverticulum	16.6 ± 3.2	n.s.		19.8 ± 6.2	Larger	0.0011
Normal small bowel (controls)
34	Colonic diverticular hemorrhage	16.3 ± 1.6			13.4 ± 1.7
35	Suspected Crohn’s disease	13.0 ± 3.0			12.8 ± 2.6
36	Hypogammaglobulinemia	17.7 ± 2.1			16.5 ± 2.4
37	Abdominal pain	17.8 ± 2.7			15.1 ± 4.1

DLBCL, diffuse large B cell lymphoma; NSAID, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug; SD, standard deviation; n.s., not significant; n.d., not detected.