Table 3. Clinical features and outcomes of six patients with perforations during endoscopic balloon dilation (EBD).

Patient no.	Age and sex	Tumor size, mm	Tumor location	Luminal circumference of tumor	Depth of tumor	Adjuvant chemoradiation	Prophylactic steroid injection	Type of steroid	Amount of total steroid administration, mg	Total number of EBD sessions	Max. diameter during EBD, mm	Clinical course after perforation	Hospital stay after perforation, days
#1	70 M	50	U	≥ 2 /3	LPM	Absent	Absent	TA	80	4	18	Required surgery	43
#2	61 M	40	U	< 2 /3	MM	Absent	Present	TA	80	1	18	Cured by conservative management	62
#3	75 F	40	U	≥ 2 /3	EP	Absent	Present	TA	80	1	15	Cured by conservative management	77
#4	69 M	37	M	≥ 2 /3	MM	Absent	Present	DEX	20	20	15	Cured by conservative management	55
#5	74 M	58	L	≥ 2 /3	LPM	Absent	Present	TA	480	2	18	Required surgery	218
#6	68 M	52	U	≥ 2 /3	SM 700 μm	Absent	Present	TA	785	186	16.5	Cured by conservative management	107

The six patients were from Osaka University Hospital, Osaka General Medical Center, Osaka National Hospital, and Toyonaka Municipal Hospital. U, upper-third esophagus; M, middle-third esophagus; L, lower-third esophagus; EP, epithelium; LPM, lamina propria; MM, muscularis mucosa; SM, submucosa. TA, triamcinolone acetonide; DEX, dexamethasone sodium phosphate.