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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Behav Immun. 2017 Feb 3;64:320–329. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.02.001

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Effect of alcohol (ALC) and pioglitazone (PIO) on expression of interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 1β (IL-1β) genes in the hippocampus (A and C) and entorhinal cortex (EC, B and D). Pioglitazone (60 mg/kg) blocked alcohol-induced neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and EC. Brain structures were dissected, RNA prepared, cDNA synthesized, and mRNA levels evaluated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. β-actin expression served as normalization control. Results are expressed as fold change relative to vehicle treated controls (PIO 0-CON). Values are mean ± SEM. N=6–8 per treatment group. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001. For detailed statistics see “Results”.