Table 5.

Asymmetry of overall wing shape for females raised at 18°C Flies raised from inbred (isogenic) and outbred crosses of Drosophila subobscura reared at 18°C. For the inbred crosses 15 PC scores were retained for analyses (proportion of total shape variance accounted is given in parenthesis). For the outbred crosses 22 PC scores were retained. (⊂ means 'nested in'.)

	Inbred (98.6%)				Outbred
Source of variation	Wilks' lambda	df 1	df 2	P	Wilks' lambda	df 1	df 2	P
Individuals (I)	1.13 × 10-11	1605	1464	<0.001	5.14 × 10-15	4730	4442	<0.001
Karyotypes (K)	0.002	30	2	0.505	7.44 × 10-5	110	48	<0.001
Cross ⊂ K	1.51 × 10-4	225	843	<0.001	3.68 × 10-4	660	2932	<0.001
Among flies	2.23 × 10-8	1350	1457	<0.001	7.55 × 10-12	3960	4430	<0.001
Sides (S)	0.597	15	93	<0.001	0.563	22	194	<0.001
I × S	1.58 × 10-9	1605	3083	<0.001	6.46 × 10-11	4730	9192	<0.001
Karyotypes (K)	0.003	30	2	0.546	0.002	110	48	0.301
Cross ⊂ K	0.074	225	843	0.362	0.018	660	2932	0.023
Within flies	9.69 × 10-9	1350	3070	<0.001	7.91 × 10-10	3960	9169	<0.001