Table 8.

Asymmetry of overall wing shape for males raised at 23°C Same as in Table 5 for Drosophila subobscura flies reared at 23°C.

	Inbred (98.3%)				Outbred
Source of variation	Wilks' lambda	df 1	df 2	P	Wilks' lambda	df 1	df 2	P
Individuals (I)	5.39 × 10-12	1605	1464	<0.001	6.41 × 10-14	4730	4442	<0.001
Karyotypes (K)	8.81 × 10-4	30	2	0.364	1.18 × 10-4	110	48	<0.001
Cross ⊂ K	2.75 × 10-4	225	843	<0.001	1.96 × 10-4	660	2932	<0.001
Among flies	8.92 × 10-9	1350	1457	<0.001	7.94 × 10-11	3960	4430	<0.001
Sides (S)	0.642	15	93	<0.001	0.540	22	194	<0.001
I × S	8.58 × 10-9	1605	3083	<0.001	9.84 × 10-12	4730	9192	<0.001
Karyotypes (K)	5.13 × 10-5	30	2	0.102	6.40 × 10-4	110	48	0.052
Cross ⊂ K	0.060	225	843	0.111	0.024	660	2932	0.250
Within flies	5.79 × 10-8	1350	3070	<0.001	1.26 × 10-10	3960	9169	<0.001