Table 2.

Effects of low and high AGE diets on markers of inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors (n = 20).

Parameters	Change from baseline in low AGE group		Change from baseline in high AGE group		Difference between the groups
	Mean ± SD	P-value†	Mean ± SD	P-value†	Mean ± SD	P-value††
Weight (kg)	−0.69 ± 1.34	0.03	−0.16 ± 1.17	0.54	−0.52 ± 1.52	0.17
BMI (kg/m2)	−0.22 ± 0.45	0.03	−0.06 ± 0.38	0.49	−0.16 ± 0.5	0.20
% body fat	−0.06 ± 1.2	0.82	−0.08 ± 1.39	0.80	+0.02 ± 1.56	0.37
WHR	+0.004 ± 0.03	0.55	−0.004 ± 0.032	0.54	+0.008 ± 0.031	0.49
Systolic BP (mm Hg)	−1.2 ± 7.7	0.49	−1.3 ± 8.3	0.47	+0.1 ± 11.4	0.24
Diastolic BP (mm Hg)	−0.8 ± 8.4	0.67	−1.9 ± 6.2	0.18	+1.1 ± 11.6	0.33
Pulse Pressure (mm Hg)	−0.4 ± 7.7	0.81	+0.5 ± 9.7	0.80	−0.9 ± 9.2	0.16
MAP (mm Hg)	−0.9 ± 7.3	0.57	−1.7 ± 5.2	0.16	+0.8 ± 10.7	0.80
Total cholesterol (mmol/l)	−0.4 ± 0.5	0.0006	−0.15 ± 0.3	0.04	−0.3 ± 0.6	0.26
LDL (mmol/l)	−0.3 ± 0.3	0.002	−0.01 ± 0.3	0.86	−0.3 ± 0.5	0.73
HDL (mmol/l)	−0.06 ± 0.1	0.03	−0.008 ± 0.08	0.66	−0.05 ± 0.1	0.21
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	−0.1 ± 0.3	0.08	−0.2 ± 0.3	0.01	+0.04 ± 0.5	0.44
IL-6 (ng/ml)	−0.4 ± 1.9	0.71*	−0.2 ± 1.8	0.94*	−0.2 ± 2.9	0.62*
MCP-1 (pg/ml)	−5.4 ± 37.4	0.52	+1.9 ± 44.6	0.84	+7.41 ± 65.8	0.94
TNFα (pg/ml)	−0.4 ± 4.4	0.84*	+1.8 ± 5.5	0.16*	−2.2 ± 7.1	0.15*
CRP (mg/l)	+0.08 ± 0.66	0.57	+0.19 ± 1.55	0.57	+0.1 ± 1.6	0.60
NFκB p65 activity (ng/µg protein)	−3.4 ± 9.9	0.14	−1.3 ± 11.4	0.61	−2.1 ± 16.7	0.18

†Paired t-tests were conducted to determine the p-values within each groups. ††A 2 × 2 ANOVA for cross over study was used to determine the overall difference between the diets. *Data transformation was done. BP, blood pressure; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; IL-6, interleukin -6; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MAP, mean arterial pressure; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; NFκβ; nuclear factor kappa B; SD, standard deviation.