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. 2017 Jun 23;7:4197. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04181-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic magainin I-resistant E. coli cell representation. Schematic representation of a magainin I-resistant cell, highlighting its differentially expressed proteins (green: upregulated; red: downregulated), as well as their biological pathways according to KEGG. Differentially expressed proteins observed in Table 1 and not represented here did not present biological pathways on KEGG. Abbreviations: OM: outer membrane; IM: inner membrane; OmpC, F and W: outer membrane proteins; MalM: maltose operon periplasmic protein; ZraP: zinc resistance-associated protein; GlpQ: glycerophosphoryl diester phosphodiesterase; GlpA and B: anaerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase subunit A and B, respectively; G3P: glycerol-3-phosphate; OppA: periplasmic oligopeptide-binding protein; HydH: sensor protein ZraS; HydG: transcriptional regulatory protein ZraR; OmpR: transcriptional regulatory protein OmpR; EnvZ: osmolarity sensor protein EnvZ; DnaK: chaperone protein DnaK; NagB: glucosamine-6-phosphate deaminase; WrbA: NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (quinone); glutaminase 1; Phe: phenylalanine; Tpr: tryptophan; Tyr: tyrosine; Glu: glutamic acid; Gln: glutamine; Arg: arginine; Pro: proline; TCA: tricarboxylic acid cycle.