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. 2017 Jun 23;7:4214. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04086-w

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) ligand-induced miR-134 contributes elevated free interleukin-18 (IL-18) levels by targeting interleukin-18 binding protein (IL-18BP). (a) TLR3 ligand poly (I:C) stimulation induced miR-134 up-regulation (left panel), caused significantly reduced IL-18BP mRNA levels (right panel) in PBMCs from AOSD patients or healthy controls (HC). Data are presented as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05, ***P < 0.005. Correlation between miR-134 expressions and IL-18BP mRNA levels (b) or IL-18 levels (c) in AOSD patients is determined by Spearman’s correlation test. (d) Comparison of expression levels of miR-134, IL-18, and IL-18BP in active AOSD patients, inactive AOSD patients, and HC. Data are presented as mean ± SEM. (e) Proposed model for the biologic role of miR-134 in increased level of free IL-18 by targeting IL-18BP in an inflammatory response of AOSD based on the results of this study and previous reports. MyD88, myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88; NF-ĸB, nuclear factor ĸB.