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. 2017 Jun 23;7:4121. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-04356-7

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The cell type composition change was the primary driving force of the age-related expression. (a) The proportion of gene expression variance explained by cell type composition (composition-related variance) in the human postnatal brain data set. Light grey – genes without age-related expression; dark grey – genes with age-related expression. The horizontal dash lines show the mean proportion of composition-related variance. (b) The relative contribution of the composition-dependent component to the variance explained by age (age-explained variance), measured as ratio of age-explained variance in the composition-dependent component to the sum of age-explained variance in both components. Light grey – genes without age-related expression; dark grey – genes with age-related expression. The horizontal dash lines show the mean proportion of composition-related variance. (c) The proportion of variance explained by ages (age-related variance) in each of the two components of expression: pink – the composition-dependent component; green – the composition-independent component. The light colors represent the proportions of age-related variance in genes without age-related expression changes; the dark colors represent the proportions of age-related variance in genes with age-related expression changes. The horizontal dash lines show the means of age-related variance proportions.