Figure 2. Experimental ablation of hindwing tails (“false antennae”) in the “false head” butterfly Callophrys xami and its effect on interactions with female mantis (Stagmomantis limbata).

Control butterflies were manipulated in the same way as experimental butterflies but their hindwing tails were not ablated. (A) Number of butterflies attacked (gray) or ignored (white). (B) Number of butterflies that performed hindwing movements (gray) or not (white) before being attacked. (C) Number of butterflies escaping (gray) or being captured (white). None of the differences between control and experimental groups were statistically significant (see text).