Table 1. Major phytochemicals reported for the selected herbal plant parts used in this study.

Plant name	Family	Parts used	Major phytochemicals	References
Barberry (Berberis vulgaris L.)	Berberidaceae	R	Berberine, Berbamine, 5-Methoxyhydnocarpin, Berlambine, Jatrorrhizine, Palmatine, Quercetin, Rutin and Oxyberberine	Abd El-Wahab et al. (2013) and Mokhber-Dezfuli et al. (2014)
Clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.)	Myrtaceae	FB	Eugenol, Eugenyl acetate, β-Caryophyllene, α-Humulene, β-Ocimene, Caryophyllene oxide, α-Copaene and p-Allyl phenol	Chaieb et al. (2007) and Rani et al. (2012)
Echinacea/purple cone flower (Echinacea purpurea L.)	Asteraceae	L	Caftaric acid, Chlorogenic acid, Caffeic acid, Cynarin, Echinacoside, Cichoric acid, Quercetin and Kaempferol	Dennehy (2001) and Sharma et al. (2010)
		S
		F
Geranium (Pelargonium graveolens L.)	Geraniaceae	L	Citronellol, Citronellyl formate and Geraniol	Ghannadi et al. (2012)
Ginger (Zingiber officinale L.)	Zingiberaceae	Rh	Gingerol, Galanolactone, Ginerdiol, Geranial, α-Zingiberene, Oleoresin, and Zingerone	Gunathilake & Rupasinghe (2014) and Young et al. (2005)
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.)	Fabaceae	R	Glycyrrhizin, Glabridin, Liquirtin, Licoflavan, Narigenin and Asparegene	Chu et al. (2012) and Shin et al. (2008)
Olive (Olea europeus L.)	Oleaceae	L	Hydroxytyrosol, Luteolin-7-O-glucoside, Luteolin-4-O-glucoside, Oleuropein, and Hydroxytyrosol acetate	Goulas et al. (2009)
Oregano (Origanum vulgare L.)	Lamiaceae	FS	Carvacrol, p-Cymene, Borneol, Thymol, Linalool, Linlyl acetate, Terpinene-4-ol, Rosmarinic acid, Thymohydroquinone and Naringin	Fournomiti et al. (2015) and Teixeira et al. (2013)
Sage (Salvia officinalis L.)	Lamiaceae	L	1,8-Cineole, p-Cymene, Camphor, borneol, α-Thujone, β-Pinene, α-Humulene, trans-Caryophyllene, β-Thujone and Myrcene	Fournomiti et al. (2015), Poeckel et al. (2008)
Danshen (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.)	Lamiaceae	R	danshensu, protocatechuic aldehyde, salvianolic acid B, cryptotanshinone, tanshinone I and tanshinone IIa	Chang et al. (2008)
Slippery elm (Ulmus rubra Muhl)	Ulmaceae	IB	Oleanolic acid, Ursolic acid, Uvaol, Betulinic acid, Botulin, β-Arotene, β-Sitosterol and Citrostadienol	Lesley (2006)
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.)	Lamiaceae	FS	Thymol, γ- Terpinene, p-Cymene, Mycrene, α-Pinene , α-Thujone, α- Terpinene , Carvacrol , 1,8 Cineole, Methyl ether, Linalool, γ-Terpinene and α-Terpineol	Fachini-Queiroz et al. (2012) and Fournomiti et al. (2015)

Notes.

F

flowers

FB

flowering buds

IB

inner bark

FS

flowering shoots

Rh

rhizome

R

roots

L

leaves

S

stem