Table 1. Comparisons between Euphilomedes biacutidens sp. nov. and related species of Euphilomedes (♂).

Characteristics			E. biacutidens sp. nov.	E. africanaKlie, 1940	E. bradyiPoulsen, 1962	E. walfordiPoulsen, 1962
Carapace	Ornamentation		Thin and transparent, tiny circle pits and setae over surface	Dense circle pits and setae over surface	Distinct small polygonal pits and setae over surface	Very hirsute, minute polygonal pits over surface
	Rostrum		Broad with rounded dorsal corner and pointed bifurcated ventral corner, incisure deep	Rounded, incisure deep	Slightly protuberant, incisure hardly indicated	Rounded, incisure shallow
	Posterior part		Postero-ventral corner protruding, posterior margin of right valve with two spines	Protruding slightly	Rounded	Rounded
	Aspect ratio		60%	68%	67%	55%
Frontal organ			Tip sharp	Base intumescent, Tip rounded	Tip thin and pointed	Tip hairy
1st antenna	Article II		Ventral and distal setae	None distal seta	Ventral, distal and medial setae	Ventral and distal setae
	Sensory seta		Thirty-two filaments	Ten filaments, and bifurcated tip	Thirty-five filaments	Less than ten filaments
	Terminal article		A-seta very short, spinose b- and g-setae very grand and long, c-seta with one mid filament, d-seta long with bifurcated tip, e- and f-setae long and bare	D- and e-setae long, f- and g-setae with several proximal and two terminal filaments	A-seta very short, b-seta with six filaments, c- and f-setae long with fifteen filaments, d- and e- setae long and bare, g-seta with four filaments	A-seta short, c- and f-setae long with thirteen filaments
2nd antenna	Endopod	III	One bent proximo-dorsal seta, twelve small ventral acute teeth, and uneven inner side	None proximo-dorsal seta, six ventral small bulbous teeth	One proximo-dorsal seta, several small ventral blunt teeth, uneven inner side	One proximo-dorsal seta, ten ventral short blunt teeth
	Exopod	I	None plumose seta	None plumose seta	One plumose seta	None plumose seta
		II	One long plumose seta	One long serrated seta	One small seta	One long serrated seta
		IX	Four long plumose setae	Four long and one short setae	Four long plumose setae	Four long and two short setae
Mandible	Coxale endite		With bifurcated tip and spines	Stout, with bifurcate tip and spines	Very reduced	Developed, two short and one long spine
	Basale		Eight ventral setae	Eleven ventral setae	Ten ventral setae	Thirteen ventral setae
	Exopod		Two equilong spinose setae	One long, one short spinose setae	One long, one very short bare setae	Two equilong spinose setae
	Endopod	I	Five ventral setae	Four ventral setae	Three ventral setae	Six ventral setae
		II	Six dorsal, five ventral setae	Nine dorsal, five ventral setae	Five dorsal, one ventral setae	Eleven dorsal, six ventral setae
		III	Two claws, four setae	Two claws, five setae	One claw, five setae	Three claws, four setae
Maxilla	Basale		Two setae	Three setae	Three setae	Two setae
	Exopod		Three long setae	Three long setae	One short and two long setae	One short and two long setae
	Endopod	I	Three distal, three disto-ventral setae	One disto-dorsal, three disto-ventral setae	Four setae	Four setae
		II	Three claws, seven setae	Two claws, nine setae	About eleven setae	Three claws, seven setae
	Endite	I	Eight setae	Six setae	Endites low bulged with few short and bare setae	Ten setae
		II	Three setae	Seven setae		Six setae
		III	Ten setae	Eight setae		Eight setae
5th limb	Exopod	II	Four setae	Four setae	Few bare setae	Five setae
		IV + V	Nine setae	Five setae	Five setae	Six setae
	Endite	I	Four setae	Six setae	Endites small with few short and bare setae	Five setae
		II	Three setae	Eight setae		Six setae
		III	Eight setae	Eleven setae		Eight setae
6th limb	Epipod		Four setae	Four setae	One seta	Three setae
	Endite	I	Three setae	Three setae	Three setae	Three setae
		II	Two setae	Four setae	Five setae	Four setae
		III	Five setae	Nine setae	Four setae	Eight setae
		IV	Ten setae	Nine setae	Five setae	Nine setae
	Terminal article		Twenty-two setae	Twenty-one setae	Ten setae	Eighteen setae
7th limb	Cleaning setae		Eleven setae	Seven setae	Nine setae	Nineteen setae
	Comb		Six teeth	Ten teeth	Five teeth	Seven teeth
	Side opposite		Two pegs	None peg	One peg	Two pegs
Furca	Claws		Twelve	Eleven	Six	Eleven
	Claw I		Obvious dorsal, ventral sawteeth and numerous ventral spines	Numerous ventral sawteeth	Numerous ventral spines	Numerous ventral sawteeth